خلاصه ماشینی:
It is a naive assumption that we can know our own religious culture and characteristics in the present time without having historical perspectives regarding schools and sects.
However, the existence of certain ambiguities and specific methods in our ancient and traditional sources on the history of sects creates the necessity to use some modern methods in studying SECTS so that we can meet our needs in the field of inter-school dialogue, recognizing our own culture, and understanding various fields of Islamic teachings, such as jurisprudence and theology.
Suddenly, among the Khawarij themselves and during the return from Mecca to Basra, when they had fallen out with Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, a new dispute arises, and the Khawarij are divided into several groups, and sects such as Ibadiyya, Azariqa, etc.
During the caliphate of the Commander of the Faithful, people like Abdullah ibn Ku'a would attend the gatherings of the Holy Prophet and ask questions that often had no scientific value.
From the period of Saqifa onwards, we have witnessed numerous examples where these types of political and religious issues prevented divergence between different sects.
It is then that we can realize what connection exists between social structures and the type of religious thoughts in different regions of the Islamic world.
And we should bear in mind that the interconnections that have always occurred between different groups in the Islamic world in various philosophical, political, and social fields have been the cause of the formation of schools of thought.