چکیده:
Metaphysics or ontology is the most important stream of philosophy, or in other words, the whole stream of philosophy in history. Its two great representatives, Aristotle and Ibn Sina, each had a profound effect on the history of metaphysics. As the founder of metaphysics, Aristotle was able to master the whole course of Greek philosophy for the first time in history and to cover almost all subsequent metaphysical discussions. Therefore, the history of metaphysics must always be written about Aristotle from its beginning to its end. But Ibn Sina's philosophy, unlike Ibn Rushd's, is very different from Aristotle's. Thus, we can speak of two distinct ontologies that were studied in the history of metaphysics from the Middle Ages to Hegel, so that the work of Ibn Sina is more engraved on the history of metaphysics than Aristotle. The present study seeks to pave the way for a fundamental revision of the two philosophers' backgrounds in the re-reading of the history of philosophy, so that the different foundations of their philosophical views can be fully distinguished. The method in question is hermeneutic phenomenology, which seeks to find the foundation of thought in these two different metaphysical developments, although they develop on a single platform, which is metaphysics.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Investigating the distinction between Greek and Islamic ontology; in the context of the philosophy of Aristotle and Avicenna Saeedeh Amini * Hamed Naji Isfahani ** Abstract Metaphysics or ontology is the most important current of philosophy or, in other words, the entire current of philosophy in history.
The present research seeks to fundamentally, and based on the worldview of these two philosophers, pave the way for a re-reading of the history of philosophy, so that the different foundations of their philosophical views become completely distinct and clear.
At the end of the introduction, I would like to add that the canonical terms that form the axis of the ontological comparison between these two philosophical worlds are as follows: existence, essence, substance, theology, metaphysics.
An important point we derive from this perspective is the difference in the being of God and things in Avicenna, which is not raised in Aristotle; this issue is the root of the distinction between Greek and Islamic philosophical theology, or in other words, the ontology of these two philosophical worlds.
In Aristotle's Metaphysics, much has been said about the pre-Socratic philosophers, and their views have been subjected to relatively sufficient and adequate criticism and investigation, attempting to reach a unity amidst the changes and transformations of the natural world, similar to them, in order to provide a certain explanation of being.
For this reason, the fundamental distinction between existence and essence, contrary to Aristotle's view, becomes the central axis of post-Islamic philosophy.
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