چکیده:
Extensive influence of secular and atheistic beliefs to the Islam world in form of different ideologies has exerted strong effects on understanding of traditional and religious beliefs has raised considerable challenges on them. Also, abundance of currents of thoughts has shown that the relations between two concepts of Islam and Development have produced a great effect on the way they are formulated. The streams such as Arab civilization-oriented secular and westernized stream, Salafiyat-e Takfiri , Islamic civilization-oriented and Islamic fundamentalist ones are the outstanding movements of the Arab world among which the secular one, because of possessing media tools, has been to some extent effective in literature and discourse of the other movements. The secular ones are in pursue to achieve a pseudo-liberal or non-religious political regime and in this regard they benefit domestic and foreign supports. The Islamists are in seek of reviving Islamic Caliphate or a democracy inspired from religion; however, because of Takfiri Salafis actions they are encountered by severe accusations and the future developments will be indicative of more serious conflicts of these two streams.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Important events that occurred over the past two centuries following the military and colonial onslaught of the West on the East and the Islamic world provided the ground for the pathfinding and expansion of anti-religious and non-religious ideas of Western countries, in the form of intellectual systems such as socialism, liberalism, nationalism, and finally globalism with secular content.
With the fall of the Caliphate, which occurred due to the excessive weakness of the mental and objective structures of the Ottoman government, lack of social cohesion due to wide cultural dispersion, internal wars, political upheavals, and ultimately foreign interventions; the Arab world faced two basic problems: First: the destruction of governance structures, especially the political structure, which caused the emergence and manifestation of numerous internal problems; Second: the extensive and increasing influence of the modern West which, through scientific and technological advancements, was able to target the turbulent atmosphere of the Islamic world with its colonial goals.
On one hand, equating any kind of innovation with secular modernity and Western culture, and on the other hand, the attempt to establish "self" on indeterminate foundations, has led to a kind of heritage and renovation that itself intensifies the identity crisis; therefore, the re-appropriation of Arab-Islamic identity is among the most important concerns of contemporary intellectual currents in the Arab world, each of which has provided an answer according to its own epistemological resources and intellectual foundations.
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