چکیده:
The enjoyment of rewards for preserving forty hadiths for the Ummah, as mentioned in Prophetic hadiths, has led to the formation of a style known as Arba'een writing among the styles of writing hadith books. This style among Shiites and Sunnis, from the first written Arba'eens in the second century AH to the composed Arba'eens of the present era, has undergone its evolution through two different paths. The style of Arba'een writing can be considered to include two types: thematic Arba'een writing and documentary (isnad-based) Arba'een writing. The present research, by examining the mutual influences between Shiite and Sunni hadith scholars during the periods of rise and fall of the Arba'een writing style until reaching the position of an evolved hadith writing style, shows that Sunni scholars were the initiators of Arba'een writing and, before the Shiites, brought both thematic and documentary types of Arba'een writing to maturity. This style among the Shiites begins with the composition of Arba'eens of virtues (fada'il) and continues mainly in the thematic Arba'een writing type. In the later periods, the prosperity of Arba'een writing among the Sunnis has decreased, but this style has remained a subject of interest for authors among the Shiites until the contemporary era.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Based on existing information, the first Arba'een books among the Shiites, with a time interval of nearly three centuries, were written by Sheikh Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad Nishapuri Khuza'i (d.
1) and "الاربعين في مناقب امهات المؤمنين" authored by Ibn Asakir in the seventh century are among the few Sunni Arba'eens that have dealt with writing about virtues.
Among the thematic Arba'eens written among Sunnis in this century, one can mention "الاربعين في الزهـد و الرقـائق و الترغيـب في اعمـال البر" authored by Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin Nishapuri Qushayri (d.
In this century, among the Shiites, most Arba'eens were written regarding the virtues of Imam Ali (AS), such as the Arba'een of Abi al-Fawaris authored by Abu Abd Allah Muhammad Abul-Fawaris Razi (d.
In the category of thematic Arba'eens, various single-subject Arba'eens in the fields of belief, ethics, etiquette, and virtues were authored by Sunni hadith scholars of the seventh century.
Among the Shiites, the first work that can be considered the beginning of the trend of writing non-hadith Arba'eens was authored in the eleventh century; Mawla Muhammad Tahir ibn Muhammad Husayn al-Shirazi al-Najafi al-Qummi (d.
The most prominent chain-based (sanad) Arba'een in this century was also authored by Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid Ghafiqi (549 - 619 AH) (Ahmadzadeh, 1377, p.
. 2 Ajri, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Husayn (1407 AH), Al-Arba'een, (Study, investigation, and commentary by: Dr. Mahmoud al-Naqrashi al-Sayyid Ali), Beirut: Maktabat Dar al-Ulyan.
(
, 
, 
)
