چکیده:
riticisms and doubts about the Quran have existed from its revelation to the present day. One such criticism pertains to doubts about the origin of the Holy Quran and its revelation. One version of this criticism is that the Prophet of Islam was taught by Christian or Jewish people. The Quran responds to this challenge in chapter al-Nahl (Q. 16). This challenge has persisted to this day، and Leiden’s Encyclopaedia of the Qurān has dedicated on entry to it. In this entry the author، Claude Gilliot، attempts to explicate the matter by citing a variety of historical reports from Islamic sources. Ultimately، he concludes that a Meccan chapter was developed under the instruction and influence of such supposed teachers of the Prophet. However، the most important evidence dismissing these claims is Q. 16:103 as well as other Quranic verses that emphasize the Quran as revelation. Historical reports only state that the Prophet came into contact with these individuals، not that he was taught by them. In fact، in some of these cases، the contact only lasted for a few hours or occurred after the Prophet’s appointment.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this entry, Claude Gilliot has attempted to explain this issue by quoting numerous historical reports from Islamic sources; however, his ultimate interpretation of these historical narrations serves to prove this doubt, suggesting that the content of Meccan surahs was formed under the teaching and influence of the Prophet's alleged teachers.
He then, in a section independently refers to the common characteristics of historical reports regarding Christian individuals who are mentioned in interpretations and early sources of Islamic history, indicating interactions or meetings of the Holy Prophet( with them before the mission, and says: "All narrations that address this subject present and emphasize the background of these teachers, stating that these individuals belonged to the class of 'the deprived' or the poor of society and were non-Arab, Jewish, or Christian slaves or servants" (Gilliot, translation of Encyclopedia of the Qur'an Leiden, 2/ 150).
The explicit text of verse 103 of Surah An-Nahl and the narrations of the reasons for revelation (Asbab al-Nuzul) under this verse also refer to his non-Arabic language (see: Tabari, Jami' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, 1412: 14/ 119; Razi, Mafatih al-Ghayb, 1420: 20/ 271; Bahrani, Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, 1416: 4/ 455); therefore, in view of what is stated in the verse (وَ لَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِّسانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَ هَذا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُّبِينٌ( (An-Nahl/ 103), this claim that someone taught the Prophet( is negated, and given that the Holy Qur'an is in clear and eloquent Arabic, how could an individual with such speech teach such expressions to the Prophet(.
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