چکیده:
One of the essential factors in achieving sustainable and prosperous economic growth is export, which is considered the most important goal in policymaking within the foreign trade sector. In this regard, increasing the export of food and agricultural products as one of the non-oil export items, in order to the necessity of moving away from an oil-centered economy, entering the global economic market, and creating diversity in export items, is considered one of the necessities for the country's economic development. Therefore, examining the variables effective in exports is of high importance. Regarding the importance of effort and entrepreneurship in light of religious teachings, by examining verse 39 of Surah An-Najm, verse 15 of Surah Taha, and verse 22 of Surah Al-Insan, it becomes clearly evident that the eternal calculation regarding human character is based on the work and effort that pertains to the individual. In other words, the criterion for the competence or incompetence of character in the eternal world is the work that a human has performed in this world. The aim of the present research is to examine the impact of the variables of export learning orientation and entrepreneurship, along with the factors affecting them, on export performance, and to find the paradoxical role of the market distance variable and its moderating role in the relationship between the two variables of learning orientation and export performance. To test the research hypotheses, a sample of 296 individuals employed in companies present at the international food and agricultural industry exhibition in the year 98 was obtained. Using a standard questionnaire and a random probability distribution method, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The findings of this research show: export commitment, resources, and competition intensity have a positive effect on export entrepreneurship, but the impact of market distance on export entrepreneurship was rejected. Likewise, the results indicate a positive impact of learning orientation and export entrepreneurship on the export performance of the sampled companies; meanwhile, an increase in the market distance variable weakened the relationship between export learning orientation and export performance.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Efforts to understand the drivers effective on export performance have enabled research in the field of exports to examine the knowledge resource bases of the export market so that through this, exporting companies can use internal routines and processes to build learning capabilities to create export performance (Morgan et al.
The second goal of this research is to identify the dimensions of export entrepreneurship and the influence of variables affecting it; export entrepreneurship consists of strategic management behaviors along with three dimensions: degree, scope, and a specific speed, based on which a company develops its export activity (Navarro, 2016).
In the present research, by considering a resource-based approach, we measure the impact of structural resources related to the export department in the company and learning resources, including general and international experience, and the attitude of export managers towards exporting—which is reflected in export commitment as internal or personal factors—on export entrepreneurship.
On the other hand, by adopting a contingency approach, we examine two external industry-related factors, including competitive intensity and perceived market distance, and test their impact on export entrepreneurship.
Organizations whose managers act more actively in searching for suitable opportunities in foreign markets demonstrate a greater export orientation and, consequently, have a higher inclination toward sales and profit, and have greater satisfaction with their export performance compared to companies with lower international levels (Ebe, 2003; Nemkova et al.
The results of Table 4 show that 6 hypotheses were confirmed and 1 hypothesis was rejected; in the present research, the effect of the market distance variable on export entrepreneurship was rejected.
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