چکیده:
Custom and Sharia, before the emergence of modernity, were regarded as two agents managing sexual norms and values in Iranian society that controlled, regulated, and managed sexual issues. However, the emergence of Western modernity as a symbol of civilization, validated nudity, and free sexual relations as its normal agreed values in Iranian society. The entry of these agreed-upon meanings and sexual values into modern discourse during the Qajar era was met with resistance and persistence from the two discourses of Tradition and Sharia. Each of these resistant discourses presented different readings of the issue of sexuality and its abnormalities in the face of modern discourse. Therefore, this study aims to use the method of discourse analysis and identification of discursive propositions, while examining religious and traditional conflicts around sexuality after the arrival of modernity, by presenting a discursive formulation. Moreover, it aims to discuss resistance to the values of modern discourse and answer the question of how religious systems and traditional discourses, in the face of Western readings of sexuality, presented different readings in line with social control. To answer this question, this study presents a discursive formulation of the central signifier of these theories and analyzes the atmosphere of hostility and opposition. The distinction of this research from other research in this field is that it examines sexuality in the form of an analysis of the conflicts between religious and traditional discourses with modernity. This method can lead to the discovery and description of the mutual relationships between religion, tradition, and the modern world based on discursive meanings.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Modernity and its cultural and structural transformations, while accepting the principle of marriage by creating the nuclear family and changing the laws and rules of marriage and types of matrimony, brought changes to the customary and religious rules and traditions related to marriage in line with its own agreed-upon sexual signifieds; however, sexual matters in society do not flow only in the form and structure of marriage as a normative matter; rather, actions that take place outside of the framework of marriage occurs or any kind of connection and mixing with the opposite sex outside the bounds of matrimony - due to its incompatibility with the intellectual structure of society - is categorized in the form of deviant matters, which can be considered as the second perspective regarding the issue of sexual abnormalities.
The transformation of male arenas into mixed spaces faced resistance from religious and customary groups; because in the religious and traditional discourse—in accordance with the rulings of the Sharia judges—the presence of women in gatherings of men was prohibited, and even this absence did not even count as gender segregation in the public sphere, and no separate place had been designed in Iranian society's architecture for women to utilize those spaces (ibid.
While accepting urban modernity changes, this group attempted to make these spaces hegemonic in line with their own discourse structures by writing treatises on the necessity of hijab and substituting Islamic values for the sexual culture of the West; therefore, part of the conflicts between religious discourse and modern discourse over the issue of mixing and clothing in the style of modern thinking was of the type of software-based conflicts.
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