چکیده:
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni is considered one of the greatest scholars and thinkers of the fourth and fifth centuries AH. He was born in 973 AD and likely passed away after 1050 AD. His works and writings cover a very wide range of knowledge and sciences, numbering more than one hundred and fifty books and treatises; among them, his book 'Tahqiq ma li-l-Hind' is worthy of attention and reflection in terms of sociological and anthropological issues, including the subject of population growth. Given the importance and position of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni in the scientific history of Iran and even the world, as well as the various dimensions of his knowledge, which also include social and demographic discussions, in this article, using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing valid documents and records as tools, we seek to answer the question: what are the social and demographic thoughts of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni? To answer this question, after reviewing his biography, writings, and education, as well as his methodology, his most important social and demographic thoughts are mentioned in this article.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Methodology of Islamic, Social, and Demographic Studies from the Perspective of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni Khezr Paknyyat / PhD student in Quranic Sciences and Hadith, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Khezr.
Among these Muslim scholars, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni is an Islamic researcher, astronomer, and scientist whose writings and research have played a very valuable role in the formation and revival of Islamic and even global civilization, and today, after more than a thousand years, his works are still considered valid, enduring, and a primary source.
5. Social Thoughts Biruni has not only used the method of observation and experience in geography, history, and botany, but he has also addressed, through observation, the quality and causes of customs, traditions, beliefs, literature, religions, and other aspects of life and social behaviors of people, applying his studies and observations toward a general understanding and the formulation of general theories; here we briefly refer to some of them: 5-1.
Investigation of the balance between man's material and spiritual life in economic exchanges In Abu Rayhan's view, humans are compelled to develop arts and industries, to form societies, and to engage in collective activities based on the division of labor and specialization.
9. The Populational Thoughts of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni As previously mentioned, the most important work that encompasses Biruni's social thoughts is the book Tahqiq ma li al-Hind .
Although Abu Rayhan's fame is mostly due to his discussions on mathematics, geographical sciences, and astronomy, he has noteworthy social and population ideas, the main contribution of which is in the book Tahqiq ma li al-Hind.
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