چکیده:
The discussion of 'Bada' is one of the theological and philosophical topics whose origin lies in the Quran and Sunnah. Shia scholars have addressed it more than other Islamic sects, explaining its various dimensions with a clear definition and a logical method inspired by transmitted documents (Quran and Sunnah) and rational proofs. For this reason, 'Bada' is considered one of the specific characteristics of the Imami Shia. Since ancient times, the discussion of 'Bada' has been a source of challenge and the creation of questions and doubts by its opponents due to its impact on the realm of religious knowledge (Divine knowledge, predestination, and human free will) and the complexity of its understanding. In the present era, Mr. Nasser Qafari in the book 'Principles of the Shia School: Presentation and Critique' has raised doubts regarding the issue of 'Bada'. In this article, following the method of our righteous predecessors, away from illogical prejudices and in a scientific and rational atmosphere, we address the explanation of 'Bada' in the school of Shiism and will provide an appropriate response to his doubts and illusions, defending the true beliefs of the Shia. In this research, based on the order of the contents of the aforementioned book, we have categorized the most important doubts into five axes: 1. The lack of mention of 'Bada' in the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). 2. 'Bada' necessitates ignorance in Divine knowledge. 3. 'Bada' as an Islamic thought or a non-Islamic phenomenon. 4. The claim of unseen knowledge for the Imams (AS). 5. 'Bada' in the succession of the Shia Imams.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this book, he presents various topics of Shiite theology (Kalam) and proceeds to critique them; including the issue of "Bada" (divine change of will), which is discussed in the second volume, third part, seventh chapter, pages 577 to 595.
The most important axes of discussion First axis: The lack of mention of Bada in the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet( At the beginning of the seventh chapter, al-Qafari provides a summary report regarding the position and importance of "Bada" among the Twelver Shiites and presents narrations from Usul al-Kafi and Tawhid al-Saduq regarding the importance of "Bada" and then refers to some of the Shiite books and authors who have addressed the issue of "Bada.
Of course, this claim is contrary to reality, and here we point out examples of narrations related to "Bada" in Sunni sources, based on the meaning defined by the Shiites; Hadiths with explicit use of the word "Bada" 1.
However, applying the word "Bada" based on the definition of Shiite thinkers, meaning "manifestation and disclosure," will never necessitate ignorance in Divine Essential Knowledge.
The reality of the matter is that Shiite scholars have accepted two types of definitions for 'Bada'; First is the literal definition, which would necessitate ignorance in knowledge and a change of opinion; this definition of 'Bada' is correct regarding humans, when it is said that 'Bada' occurred for someone, it means they found a new opinion about which they were previously ignorant, but regarding God is not acceptable, for God is free from ignorance.
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