چکیده:
In the authorship of books on the history of religions, various religious and philosophical perspectives, values, and preconceived notions of the researcher of the history of religions influence the arrangement and selection of events and their organization. Epistemological assumptions about the truth of knowledge shape and direct their analysis of religions; because the historian's relationship with the historical phenomenon depends on the historian's philosophical epistemological and ontological inferences, such that the difference in many written works in the history of religions depends on the historian's intra-religious and extra-religious approach. In this article, we intend to introduce and evaluate the philosophical views of two great historians, Eliade and Frazer, in the description and writing of religions. This research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method in response to these questions: What was the difference between Frazer and Eliade in methodology? Given the comparison of the works of these two scholars of religion in describing religious events, what is the difference in their philosophical foundations and approaches? The findings of this research indicate that the two great historians of religion, Eliade and Frazer, had differing philosophical attitudes; Frazer approached the recording of human religious states and behaviors throughout history with a positivist view, while Eliade used a combination of Husserlian phenomenological method with structuralist and hermeneutic attitudes. This difference has had a fundamental impact on the writing of their two historical works, namely The Golden Bough and A History of Religious Ideas.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Philosophical Approaches of Historians of Religions: A Case Study of James Frazer and Mircea Eliade Maliheh Saberi Najafabadi 1 Abstract In writing books on the history of religions, different religious and philosophical views, values, and preconceived notions influence the researcher of the history of religions in the collection, selection, and organization of facts.
Frazer, with a positivist view, and Eliade, with a combination of Husserlian phenomenological method with structuralist and hermeneutic approaches, have dealt with the recording of human religious states and behaviors throughout history.
In this article, we intend to provide a general review of three important historical works on religion: The Golden Bough, the work of James Frazer, which is written with a positivist and evolutionary thought, and A History of Religious Ideas and The History of Religious Thought, the work of Eliade, which is written with a phenomenological method and a hermeneutic perspective.
Eliade's book, The History of Religious Thought, is considered his last authored work and is the result of decades of his research and study into the religious experience of humankind, from primitive and prehistoric religions to advanced religions.
1 Religion from Eliade's Perspective In defining a religious phenomenon, Eliade uses the term "manifestation of holiness" and represents three elements in the manifestation of holiness: a natural object, which remains in its customary and ordinary environment; an invisible truth or something completely different, which is the very meaning that is revealed; and a medium, which has found a new realm, meaning it has become sacred (Jafari, 1387, p.
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