چکیده:
The history of early Islam includes various approaches of Islamic community towards Imam Ali (PBUH). The believers of appointed Imamate and the ones believed in the elected caliphate are two groups unanimous in regard with the superior position of Imam Ali (PBUH). The third group are those against that holiness. This research aimed to clarify the ways of opposition with Imam Ali (PBUH) and investigated the data present in the Sunnite sources regarding the events occurred during 36 to 132 (A.H) through the historical approach. According to the findings, the enmity with that holiness has been represented by attributing blasphemy, cursing, accusing, leaving the Prophetic tradition, denying the virtues, removing the name of that holiness and oppressing his followers.
خلاصه ماشینی:
4 The Banu Umayya promoted this custom for seventy years 5 as if it were a Sunnah;6 so when Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (99-101 AH) prohibited insulting Hazrat Ali,7 people said: He abandoned the Sunnah.
1 Likewise, Muawiyah commanded the elites of society to insult Hazrat 2 Ali; an example of this is the order given to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (d.
53 AH), Muawiyah's governor in Iraq, who threatened opponents of the cursing of Imam Ali with death by the sword4, and Hajjaj, the governor of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, ordered Muhammad ibn Qasim 5 (d.
Prohibition of mentioning virtues The Umayyads prohibited the public expression of the Imam's virtues and dealt with his close companions in this regard; as Mughira, in his confrontation with Sa'sa'ah ibn Suhan (around the year 60 AH), in addition to admitting knowledge of all the virtues of Hazrat, stated: We are ordered by the government to express faults for Ali ibn Abi Talib.
60 AH) and Rashid ibn Malik,3 are among the other martyrs of enmity and hostility towards Hazrat 4 Ali. Maitham Tammar was a companion of the Messenger of God and one of the Shiites of the Commander of the Faithful.
Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Abu Hamid, 1418 AH, Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, edited by: Muhammad al-Namari, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub.
Ibn Asakir, Ali, 1995 AD, Tarikh Madinat Dimashq, edited by: Umar bin Gharama al-Umari, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
Numayri, Ibn Shabah, 1417 AH, Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, edited by: Ali Muhammad Dandul, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub.
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