Justice from the perspective of Islamic and Western thinkers مقاله

چکیده:

Real individual and social needs, the principle of providing real needs, the principle of benevolence, and the principle of maximum productivity are formed. From the perspective of the Quran and Sunnah, justice is the foundation of existence, the manifestation of the Lord's divinity, placing everything in its proper place and granting gifts based on talent, and the manifestation of the attribute of Al-Hayy al-Qayyum (The Ever-Living, The Self-Subsisting), which connects all small and large, visible and invisible components, provides balance, and brings them to perfection. Human life achieves durability and perfection through standing for justice. Justice is the creation of balance in inclinations, interests, emotions, inner tendencies, behavior, and human relations with one another, human relations with God, and in human relations with nature. A just person is someone whose spiritual and psychological powers are in the middle ground, and no single instinct or power dominates another. In the view of many Western thinkers, natural rights are the laws governing creation and humans, which are created for human perfection and happiness, are unchangeable, and it is the duty of humans to discover them; government and positive laws must be shaped based on them so that social relations reach a balance. Justice and natural rights should complete, correct, or soften the law. Justice is the middle ground in affairs, equality of opportunities among equals, moderation of spiritual powers under the command of reason, the dominance of reason over anger and lust, and the division of tasks based on natural talent. In the view of Muslim thinkers, the universe is based on moderation, and everything is in its true position, receives its true right, and performs its primary duty. Justice means the realization of talent. Everything can take multiple forms, and justice is that each thing is granted a more complete form and becomes more beautiful, stronger, and more useful. The human soul is composed of multiple powers, and moderation in these powers is called justice. The moderated soul becomes the scale of justice and can weigh the true value and price of everything and place everything in its true position. Social balance, considering the natural differences of individuals, the basis of ownership on labor, the basis of labor on...