A Critical Look at Kant's Ethics مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Some of these flaws include: generalizability is a characteristic of law and not a criterion for the morality of an action, the prescription of wrong actions and the prohibition of right actions through the criterion of generalizability, the possibility of disagreement among individuals regarding the generalizability of a rule, the inefficiency of the principle of ends, objections to the intrinsic value of reason, objections to the idea that only the good will is intrinsically good, objections to the universality of moral commands, the problem of conflicting duties, lack of attention to the character, motivations, and inner emotions of the agent, and the failure to cover the entire moral life through the concept of duty. After defining the good will, based on duty and the definition of duty, and based on respect for the law, Kant proceeds to explain the moral law according to which the good will must act, and asks: «What kind of law is it that its conception must determine the will without regard to the effect or consequence that may be expected from it, so that it may be considered good absolutely and without any condition?» (Ibid:27) Then he says in response: «Since I have deprived the will of any motive that might occur to it in following the law, nothing remains except the general conformity of its actions with the universal law, and only this [conformity with the law] is what should be used as the principle of the will; that is, I must never act in such a way that I cannot also will that my maxim becomes a universal law» (Ibid).