چکیده:
At the onset of the establishment of Umayyad government a number of prominent politicians and statesmen were instrumental in strengthening the pillars of this newly-established government. One such porson was Zahhak Ibn Gheis Fahri who during the rule of Yazid ibn Abi-Sufyan in Greater Syria had gone to the region and been employed by Umayyad rulers. Zahhak's name has not been registered in historical texts during the rule of the first three Caliphs except in a namber of Muslim conquests. However، during the caliphate of Imam Ali (A) his prominent role in the promotion of the Umayyad government is highlighted for the first time. In this period، Zahhak was one of Mu'awiyah's commanders in the Battle of Seffin. He also played a major role in raids launched by Ummayyad forces in western Iraq. When Yazid Ibn Mu'awiyah ascended the throne، Zahhak's role in the Ummayyad government became even more prominent such that it can be said that during Yazid's rule he was the strongest and greated statesman of the period in the Ummayyad establishment. It was during this same period that Zahhak developed an inclination for Abdollah Ibn Zubayr who had organized a rebellion in Mecca. After the Umayyads agreed on Marwan Hakam as the new ruler in the "Jabiyah Council"، they decided to take on Zahhak who enjoyed support from Ibn Zubayr. The two armies met at "Marj Rahit" and Zahhak was badly defeated and eventually killed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For example, according to the narration of al-Tabari from Abu Mikhnaf, Ali (as), during the Battle of Siffin, while describing some characteristics of Muawiyah and his companions, including Dahhak bin Qays, said: They are not companions of religion and the Quran.
Historical sources, in describing the events of the third Caliph's era, do not mention the role and activity of Dahhak bin Qays Fahri during this period, and it is probable that he was also in the Levant and in the service of the Umayyad rulers during this time.
303 According to the report of Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, before the beginning of the Battle of Siffin, Muawiyah sent a group to negotiate with Ali( and Dahhak bin Qays was also one of the members.
Simultaneously with the death of Muawiyah bin Yazid, Ibn al-Zubayr's power had increased to such an extent that, according to al-Tabari's report, even Marwan Hakam initially wanted to pledge allegiance to him and seek security for the Banu Umayya from him, but Ibn Ziyad came to Sham, prevented this, and incited him to obtain allegiance from the people for himself.
320 According to some sources, Dahhak bin Qays, after the death of Muawiyah bin Yazid, initially used to secretly invite people to pledge allegiance to al-Zubayr.
Endnotes ###############6###############Journal of Islamic History Tenth Year, Spring 2009, Serial Number 37 Endnote Ibn Abd al-Barr al-Qurtubi, al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Sahaba, edited by Ali Muhammad Mu'awwad and Adil Ahmad Abd al-Mawjud (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1st ed.
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