چکیده:
Although the Jungles had begun their struggle against Tsarist Russia, among the foreign powers, the British had a direct and indirect influence on their military, political, and ideological orientations. This effect, especially after the agreement to leave the jungle conflict with the British military forces in August 1297 AH. It became more noticeable. Because the terms of the Jungle treaty with the British military show that they had accepted a military defeat by Dunsterforce, the jungle was forced to expel German and Ottoman forces from the jungle, leading to an ideological turnaround. It appeared in the body of the movement, because from the summer of 1297 AH. The position of the Islamic Union was weakened, and less than six months later, with the separation of some of the right-wing figures of the movement, the young forest forces became more inclined towards the Bolsheviks. Although the British did not openly cause these developments, they were the result of their presence in Gilan and the pressure of Vosough al-Dawla on the movement. These events left Kuchak Khan alone with the figures he relied on to organize the jungle movement. After these events, the movement inadvertently took a course that was in the interests of the British. The question of the present article is, what measures did the British take to pave the way for the intellectual, political and military weakness of the jungle movement?
خلاصه ماشینی:
The research findings show that the English, considering the diplomatic, political, and military actions they took against the Jangalis, in addition to securing their own interests in Iran, Guilan, and the Caucasus, became one of the effective factors in the failure, disintegration, and ultimately the fall of the Jangali movement.
Reasons for the English attention to Gilan and how to confront the Jangalis The occurrence of the Russian Socialist Revolution in February 1917, and following it, the Bolshevik Revolution in October of the same year, caused the Russians to seek the withdrawal of their military forces from World War I and subsequently from Iran.
With this policy, the English were able, in addition to consolidating their position, to separate the conservative figures of the Jangal movement, placing Kuchak Khan in the embrace of the opportunistic and Bolshevik factions, and using this pretext to pave the way for their suppression in the next two years; they also, by reopening the hand of Vosogh al-Dowleh, increased the intensity of the Qajar forces' attacks against the Jangalis (Keshavarz, 1371: 110).
The Impact of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement on the Transformations of the Jangal Movement After relatively stabilizing their military and political position in Gilan and other regions of Iran, and considering that they saw themselves in confrontation with the Bolsheviks in the near future, the English concluded that they should prevent Soviet influence in Iran by creating a powerful government in Iran.
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