چکیده:
Court ceremonies, which were part of the traditional rites and laws of visiting the presence of the king of Iran and had a special place in the ruling dynasties of Iran, became more important during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar; Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar had a simple and low-cost court, but when Fath Ali Shah came to power, he showed a great interest in luxurious and lengthy court ceremonies, and by taking advantage of Iranian traditions, he successively added to Bariyabi customs and traditions. He wanted to form a magnificent court like the powerful and famous sultans and emperors of Iran and show off the greatness and majesty of his kingdom to others. Based on historical data and using the descriptive-analytical method, this article has answered the question of what rituals and ceremonies were observed to attend the court of Fath Ali Shah Qajar and what was the purpose of their implementation? The findings show that Fath Ali Shah, in order to maintain the Qajar rule and sanctify the position of the king, expanded the court ceremonies and rituals of the royal bar, especially the public bar ceremony.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Fath-Ali Shah undertook various measures to direct and change the perceptions and impressions others had of him; in his capacity as the King of Iran and for the purpose of establishing justice and fairness and gaining social legitimacy in the style of previous sultans, he organized a court with special etiquette, and in it, he flourished public and private audiences for attending to the affairs of the subjects and the country; which in this period were referred to as "Salam" (Gordan, 1362: 75; Joubert, 1347: 128).
The Salam ceremony, in which the Shah attempted to present himself at the head of the representatives of the high social classes and even beyond that, was held with serious order and discipline, given the strange interest Fath-Ali Shah had in pomp and the display of his power, especially in front of foreign ambassadors, and strict discipline was in place to observe its etiquette (Drewavill, 1365: 170).
Fath-Ali Shah and his courtiers made the best use of this Iranian characteristic; aware of the need to legalize the Qajar government and to convey the importance and power of the Qajar royal family to the general public, he and his courtiers expanded court etiquette, customs, and traditions, and implemented strict discipline for the observance of courtly rituals.
Malcolm, by pointing out that the people of the East call the pomp and show of sultans the 'garment of state,' has referred to the special status of the etiquette of presence at Fath-Ali Shah's court: "It is a time of utmost splendor, luxury, and perfection of order and arrangement.
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