چکیده:
Discussion about the divine attributes has a long term history in theology and philosophy. Among all of the divine attributes, “knowledge” has received more attention because of its effectiveness in determining all of the verbal issues related to interpretation of this divine specification. Avicenna and Duns Scotus are representatives of the two main theories about the Gos’d knowledge among the Islamic and Christian philosophers whom I have studies and compared in this research. The main difference between these two philosophers in divine knowledge can be recorded as Scotus’ God is a purposeful actor (fa’el-e bel-qasd), however, Avicenna introduces the God as the wise and single-minded actor (fa’el-e-bel-enayah) justifying the creation based on the grace. While there is this big difference, there are many similarities between these two opinions; such as, both of them consider God as a cause for creation. Both believe in existence of creatures in divine knowledge before their real creation without considering reasonable forms or platonic parables as separated creatures. Both of them believe that God has no other purpose except for his essence for creation of universe or human.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this article, while enumerating the common aspects of these two famous philosophers regarding the issue of knowledge; such as the belief in the existence of the forms of beings in divine knowledge before their actual creation, not considering intelligible forms or Platonic ideals as separate entities, and that God, in the matter of creating the universe and humans, has no purpose outside of His own essence and that creation is purely due to God's love for His own essence, we describe the main difference in the perspective of these two philosophers regarding the issue of divine knowledge, which is considering the Lord as an agent by intention (agent by purpose) according to Scotus, and considering God as an agent by providence according to Avicenna, while justifying creation based on emanation through procession.
Furthermore, considering the role and influence of Islamic philosophers in the Western intellectual system and the somewhat contradictory views that have been presented, it is necessary to examine the subject of divine knowledge in Avicenna and Scotus from a scientific perspective based on Persian and Latin sources, and to present the points of divergence and similarity between both: (Scotus) 2.
In Avicenna's view, God gives external existence to the forms that existed in His essence in the same manner, and thus objective existences have come into being, and the knowledge of the Necessary Existent has become the cause and reason for the existence of beings in the external world; since all the attributes of divine perfection are identical to His essence, it does not necessitate multiplicity in the essence.
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