چکیده:
Afghanistan's civil wars are the result of conflicts and confrontations that arose between political-social institutions and groups due to shared interests and competition over the acquisition of resources, wealth, and power. The fragmented identity of the inhabitants of this land led to the formation of a heterogeneous human geography, which resulted in numerous conflicts such as ethnic, religious, linguistic, and regional conflicts in their social life. On one hand, discrimination and injustice by the ruling institution in maintaining power and the continued deprivation of other ethnic groups of their political-social and cultural-economic rights, and on the other hand, the awakening and self-awareness of the political-social groups of deprived ethnic groups and the growth of their political consciousness, brought existing conflicts to the highest level in society, which ultimately led to years of wars among the existing groups in Afghanistan.
خلاصه ماشینی:
However, with the end of the Mujaddidi government's term and the rise to power of Burhanuddin Rabbani (Tajik), who handed over all key positions to his own ethnic group and party and did not step down after the expiration of the period designated for his presidency (six months), Afghanistan's civil wars began, which continued until the year 1380 when the Taliban were overthrown by America.
During the communist era, due to the lack of a traditional interpretation of Islam, those who opposed their actions were arrested and even executed, but the individuals who were most targeted were specific ethnic minorities, including the Hazaras, who for a long time were harassed by their Pashtun rulers because of their belief in the Shia school of thought; as one of the Shia jihadi leaders in Afghanistan considers the cause and motive for the massacre of the people of Chandawal and Afshar during the time of the communists and during the Rabbani government to be the Shia faith of its inhabitants.
Regional Conflict The beginning of the formation of the government in Afghanistan is actually considered the beginning of Pashtunization as well, and by regarding Shiites and Hazaras as second and third-class citizens, they not only kept them away from social-political rights and benefits but also seized their lands under various pretexts and forced them to leave their homeland.
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