چکیده:
After the passing of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him and his family), the Islamic Ummah fell into disagreement and division regarding his succession, and each group began thinking about leadership and the Caliphate. In this midst, one of the groups that harbored thoughts of seizing the Caliphate were the members of the Saqifa Council, which was formed after the passing of the Prophet. In this council, a small number of elders, the so-called Sahaba, were present, who ignored and forgot all the commands and recommendations of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) regarding Ali (peace be upon him) and even did not inform him in their gathering. The members of Saqifa decided on this sinister act on the day of Ghadir Khumm, and for the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, they presented arguments such as being the leader of the congregation instead of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), being the eldest, having a relative position to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) (father-in-law), etc. Orientalists, due to their use of Sunni sources and their analysis and perspectives, have included such discussions and approaches in their books and research. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the views of Orientalists regarding the political approach and leadership of the Islamic Ummah after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), how the Caliphate proceeded, and what negative approaches followed the passing of the Seal of the Prophets (peace be upon him and his family).
خلاصه ماشینی:
Quarterly Journal of History Department at Imam Khomeini Specialized University Vol. 4,No. 10,winter,2011 Orientalists and the Saqifa Incident1 Din Mohammad Hakimi* Abstract After the passing of Prophet Muhammad صلّی اللّه علیه و اله و سلّم, the Islamic Ummah fell into disagreement and division regarding his succession, and each group began thinking about leadership and the Caliphate.
Introduction Given the importance of the subject of succession and the Caliphate of the Great Prophet, and considering that various opinions and theories regarding this matter have been presented by Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers and intellectuals, this article attempts to examine the issue of Saqifa, the process of selecting Abu Bakr as the successor to the Prophet, and when the opponents of Ali placed the plan of setting him aside on their agenda.
Their theory regarding the Caliphate was based on a hadith attributed to Abdullah, son of Umar; according to that hadith, the companions of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family) had become companions and allies during his lifetime, such that after the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman are the highest Muslims.
Most of them believe that the Prophet of Islam صلّی اللّه علیه و اله و سلّم passed away without appointing a successor for himself, and for this reason, a group of Muslims in the Saqifa Council appointed Abu Bakr as their Caliph.
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