چکیده:
Sheikh Murtaza Ansari is considered one of the greatest Usuli jurists of the Imami school and one of the prominent scientific and jurisprudential figures of the later centuries. His mastery, innovation, and subtlety in Usuli matters and narrative-deductive jurisprudence resonate through his legacy. In this context, his valuable research regarding 'the criticism and review of hadith chains' within his scientific heritage—which demonstrates his mastery and innovation in the science of Rijal and the principles of hadith criticism—on one hand, and the importance of re-reading his intellectual system in the field of narrative jurisprudence, especially in the dimensions of criticizing hadith chains, as well as the contemporary position of methodology in the sciences, on the other, makes the necessity of research in this field more apparent than ever. Therefore, this writing, which has been organized through extensive investigation and a descriptive-analytical method in the Usuli and jurisprudential works of Sheikh Ansari, seeks to present the systematic methodology of Sheikh Ansari's thought in 'the methods of criticizing hadith chains' in narrative-deductive jurisprudence. Investigations show that paying attention to the personality characteristics of narrators (such as Ashab al-Ijma, Mashaykh al-Thiqat, the narrated from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa, Bani Faddal), attention to the implicit parts of the hadith, examining the continuity of the chain, mentioning the anonymity of the narrator, attention to the commonality of narrators, and the compulsion of chain weakness are among the most important methods of Sheikh Ansari in criticizing hadith chains.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Investigation and study of Sheikh Ansari's scientific heritage shows that in the criticism of the hadith chain, he has utilized the following methods: Attention to the personal characteristics of narrators: Ashab al-Ijma "Ashab al-Ijma" is a term in the science of Rijal, referring to eighteen companions of the Infallibles about whom al-Kashshi has claimed consensus (ijma') regarding the authentication and verification of their narrations from the Imami perspective: The first group: Six of the common companions of Imam Baqir and Imam Sadiq (AS): Zurarah, Ma'ruf bin Kharbudh, Burayd, Abu Basir al-Asadi, Fudayl bin Yasar, and Muhammad bin Muslim al-Taifi, of whom Zurarah mentions the most jurisprudent.
This point is supported by the fact that Sheikh Ansari, in connection with a narration with the chain "Ali bin Ibrahim from Muhammad bin Isa from Yunus from a man from Abu Abdillah (as)" (Kulayni, 3/358-359; Ibn Babawayh, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, 1/352-353; Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, 3/54), has considered this narration mursal and compensated by the absence of disagreement on this issue, but he has not made references to the rule of Ashab al-Ijma, as if this rule does not apply to such a chain given the report of Ibn al-Walid (Ansari, Ahkam al-Khalal fi al-Salah, 138).
Being Majhul (unknown) regarding the person narrated from A- Sheikh Ansari in 'Risala fi al-Wasaya,' in connection with an issue regarding a will to a narration from the three masters (Mashayikh al-Thalatha) from al-Bazanti from Ahmad bin Ziyad from Abu al-Hasan (as), has referred (Kulayni, 7/20; Ibn Babawayh, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, 4/213-214; Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, 9/222-223).
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