چکیده:
The reaction of Iranians to European travelers who visited Islamic holy sites in Iran can well depict the Iranian approach toward the West and Western culture. Given the importance of this subject, the fundamental aim of this research is to examine the reactions of Iranians against European travelers from the Timurid period to the Pahlavi era. The first period and subject examined in this research is the Timurid period based on the travelogue of Clavichost. The Safavid period, as the period of the peak of relations between Iran and Europe which resulted in numerous travelogues, is examined after the Timurid period. After the Safavids, the short Afsharid and Zand periods are addressed. The Qajar period occupies the largest volume of this research, which itself is divided into four topics: 1. The period of Agha Mohammad Khan and Fath-Ali Shah; 2. The period of Mohammad Shah Qajar; 3. From the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah to the Constitutional Revolution; 4. From the Constitutional Revolution to the rise of the Pahlavi government. The research method in this study is historical and library-based, based on note-taking from European travelogues. Based on the contents of these travelogues, it can be hypothesized that before the Qajar era and until a certain point during the Qajar period, when Iranians still had a positive approach toward Europeans, there was no sensitivity regarding the entry of a European into a holy site; however, with the intensification of conflicts, Iranians could no longer tolerate the entry of a European into these places.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The fundamental goal of the present article is to examine how the people of Iran dealt with the entry of non-Muslim travelers who, from the Mongol period onwards, entered Iran in large numbers and were all eager to visit these places, which often possessed rich art and architecture.
The Era of Timurids and Turkmens The creation of extensive communications between East and West was one of the important results of the Mongol conquests, which led to the entry of many travelers into Iran and valuable travelogues were written; however, nothing has been mentioned regarding how the people of Iran reacted to their entry into Islamic religious sites.
2 The Safavid Era The manner in which the Iranians of the Safavid era dealt with non-Muslim travelers who came to Iran in large numbers, all eager to see the art and architecture used in religious sites, is a noteworthy issue that reflects the religious policy of the government, as well as the temperament and mindset of the clergy and the people.
Overall, in the aforementioned periods, the people of Iran treated the entry of non-Muslims into their religious sites with tolerance, but this trend changed from the time the Qajar era came to power.
2 This matter shows that the people of Iran, like previous eras, still tolerated the entry of non-Muslims into their religious sites.
3 The aforementioned points show that during the era of Mohammad Shah, similar to previous periods and even more intensely, the people and clerics opposed the entry of Christians into their religious sites, but they were less successful in preventing those who possessed relatively high prestige from entering.
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