چکیده:
For confronting the enemy، Abrahamic religions provide appropriate behavioral strategies which، according to their mission، have certain ethical principles. In order to formulate a peaceful strategy for the followers of the two religions of Islam and Judaism، the present research studies and compares the commonalities and differences between the Holy Quran and the Tanakh in confronting enemies. The term "enemy" refers to those who show enmity to the religious ideology of the religious community of Muslims and Jews. Such enemies are classified by the Qur’an into three groups of "idolaters"، "infidels"، "hypocrites" and "contesting believers". In Tanakh they are divided into two groups: "atheists" and "Israelites". The attitude of Muslims towards the enemy is، as described in the Qur’an، always based on wisdom and divine help. In the Tanakh، God himself confronts the enemies and man’s wisdom has no important role in this regard. For confronting the enemy، the Holy Qur'an presents a distinct course ranging from a flexible attitude to a rigid one. In the recent versions of the Hebrew scriptures، there is a reference to the moral-based attitude towards the enemy، but the contradictions in Tanakh makes the idea of the correct behavioral patterns of confronting the enemy open to question. Because of its dominant nationalistic view، the attitude adopted by Tanakh towards the enemy is an absolute rejection of the others and it is mainly defensive، but the Holy Quran، regardless of ethnic differences، offers ethical based behavior that is all inclusive and useful to all races.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This research examines and compares the similarities and differences between the Holy Quran and the Tanakh in dealing with enemies, in order to achieve peaceful behavior among the followers of these two religions.
The term "enemy" refers to the ideological enemies of the religious communities of Muslims and Jews, which, based on the verses of the Holy Quran, are divided into groups such as "polytheists," "disbelievers," "hypocrites," and "hostile People of the Book," and in the Tanakh, into groups such as "atheists" and "sinful Children of Israel.
In the Tanakh, due to its dominant ethnic perspective, dealing with the enemy is of the nature of absolute rejection of the non-self and a defensive state; however, the Holy Quran, regardless of ethnic differences, provides behavior based on ethics that is inclusive and beneficial for all races.
This research, using an analytical-comparative method, examines the methods of dealing with the enemy from the perspective of two religions, Islam and Judaism, focusing on the verses of the Holy Quran and the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
Drawing attention to nature is for the purpose of exiting polytheism and submitting to God. In the Holy Quran, argumentation with enemies has been addressed through unseen news and the subject of the Resurrection (An-Naml: 90); a matter that is either not mentioned in the Tanakh or has an ambiguous form (Amos: 2:16; Jeremiah: 21:14).
Religious enemies in the Holy Quran include groups such as "polytheists," "disbelievers," "hypocrites," and "hostile People of the Book," while in the Tanakh, they include groups such as "atheists" and "sinful Israelites.
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