چکیده:
One of the oldest and most important arguments presented to prove the existence of God in Imami Kalam has been the argument of Huduth and Qidam. In the present writing, the evolutions of this argument are examined and explained, from its first indications in authoritative Imami Hadith texts to its transformations in the works of Sheikh Saduq and subsequently in the theological school of Sheikh Mufid and Karajaki, known as the Early Baghdad School. This research shows that the argument of Huduth and Qidam underwent significant transformations during this period. The first transformation was the transition of this argument from a stage of simple formulation based on narrations to a stage of being substantiated with philosophical reasons and finding a systematic argumentative form in the Mu'tazilite style, achieved by Sheikh Saduq. Generally, Sheikh Saduq's method in proving the temporal creation of the world, both in terms of claims and in terms of principles and reasons, is largely similar to the method of the Mu'tazilites and the Imami Bahshami, and his arguments in this regard show one of the positions of his influence from Mu'tazilite teachings. From the perspective of Sheikh Saduq, although the origin and basis of beliefs are the narrations of the Imams, relying solely on them is neither permissible nor preferable; rather, the content of these narrations must be confirmed and supported by theological arguments. In the Early Baghdad School, the argument of Huduth and Qidam did not undergo a specific transformation compared to the era of Sheikh Saduq, and differences existed only in the manner of formulating the argument and some of the reasoning used to prove its premises. From the view of Sheikh Saduq and the theologians of the Early Baghdad School, the Mu'tazilite arguments presented in the argument of Huduth and Qidam were not on a path contrary to Imami Hadith teachings, but rather were in agreement with them.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the present writing, the evolutions of this argument are examined and explained, from the first references to it in authoritative Imami hadith texts to its transformations in the works of Sheikh Saduq and thereafter in the theological school of Sheikh Mufid and Karajaki, known as the Early Baghdad School.
Argument of huduth and qidam, Imami Kalam, Sheikh Saduq, Sheikh Mufid, Early Baghdad School Introduction The cosmological argument of huduth and qidam, which is also known as the "theological argument," has consistently been one of the ancient arguments of theologians of various religions to prove the existence of God. Various formulations of this argument have been presented in Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Kalam.
The phrases present in the continuation of the narration, which address the negation of the attributes of creatures—such as huduth (origination), change, and composition—from the Creator and the Maker of the world, serve as evidence that at the beginning of the narration, reference was likely made to the need of hadith creatures for a Muhdith (Kulayni, 1430, Vol. 1: p.
In any case, regardless of the doubts regarding the interpretation of some phrases of the narrated traditions in the book al-Kafi, it is possible to infer an argument for the existence of God from some hadiths of this book through recourse to the origination of bodies and the need of originated beings for an eternal Creator.
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