Contexts and Nature of Crisis in the Abbasid Caliphate during the Reign of Caliph Al-Muqtadir (295 - 320 AH) مقاله

چکیده:

This writing addresses the issue of the decline of the Abbasid state at the beginning of the fourth century AH, which reached its peak with the seizure of Baghdad by Mu'izz al-Dawla (334 AH). One of the important stages in the process of the decline of this state's political-military authority occurred during the time of Al-Muqtadir Billah, which was the disruption of the balance and equilibrium among the components of the Abbasid system. In this writing, by creating a link between diachronic (historical) and synchronic (structural) analytical levels, the factors and contexts that led to the disruption of the efficiency of the Abbasid political system are explained at three historical time levels. The focus of this writing is on the stages of the aforementioned process that occurred during the reign of Al-Muqtadir. As a result, it can be said that the economic constraints, whose factors formed and continued in the long term, along with transformations in military and administrative structures, finally led to the creation of a crisis. The inefficiency of the bureaucracy and the inability of non-military actors to control it led to the disruption of the balance and equilibrium among the components of the Abbasid governmental system, and ultimately to its inefficiency in facing the challenges ahead. This opened the way for extensive intervention by the military class and their active role.