چکیده:
In verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa, the method of dealing with the "disobedience" of women is stated. A group of commentators and jurists consider “Noshuz” (disobedience) , to mean abandoning a woman's Tamkin (to have sextual relationship with her husband) and consider the steps to deal with it to be related to abandoning Tamkin. This view faces challenges, including incompatibility with the broader meaning of “Qawwamiyyat” (authority) that goes beyond “Tamkin”. Also, punishing a wife who is abandoning “Tamkin” by "leaving her in her bed alone" cannot be unpleasant for her. From the authors' perspective, considering numerous evidences, including the cause of revelation, the meaning of “Qawwamiyyat” and its scope, the context of the verse in addition to the context of the surah, evidences related to the words of the verse, the division of women into “Qaanit” (obedient) and “Nashez” (disobedient) in relation to the husband's Qawwamiyyat, narrations based on the verse, narrations that make the man the guardian of the woman, narrations that criticize men who obey women, and narrations that have expanded biting to include cases other than Tamkin, the meaning of Nashez goes beyond abandoning Tamkin. This research attempts to prove, based on library data and with an analytical-descriptive approach, that the meaning of Noshuz, is the wife's rebellion and disobedience against the husband's authority and management, not merely a lack of Tamkin. With this interpretation, the wisdom of the three levels of dealing with Noshuz in the Holy Quran becomes clear.
خلاصه ماشینی:
From the authors' perspective, considering numerous clues such as the occasion of revelation, the meaning and scope of qawwamiyyah, the context of the verse within the context of the Surah, clues related to the words of the verse regarding the division of women into qanitat (obedient) and nashiz (disobedient) in relation to the husband's qawwamiyyah, narrations based on the verse that place the man as the guardian over the woman, narrations condemning men who command women, and narrations that extend 'darb' (striking) to cases other than the abandonment of obedience, the meaning of nushuz is beyond the abandonment of obedience.
An Interpretive Re-reading of the Concept of Women's Nushuz in Light of the Verse of Qawwamiyyah Saeed Davoodi Limooni, Narges Tradion (1 Assistant Professor of the Department of Quranic Studies, Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, Qom, Iran, corresponding author: saeeddavoodee@gmail.
For example, Roghayeh Bararian, Habibullah Halimi Jaloudar, and Zeinab al-Sadat Hosseini in the article "A Comparative Study of Women's Nushuz Based on Verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa with an Interpretive Look at Banu Amin and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli," address the difference in the conceptualization of nushuz between the interpretive views of Banu Amin Isfahani (rebellion against the husband's obedience accompanied by arrogance) and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli (the wife's rising from obedience without the condition of arrogance); and also the article by Mohammad Mahdi Karimi Nia, Mitra Pakdel, and Mojtaba Ansari Moghaddam: "A Jurisprudential Look at Articles 1108 and 1104 of the Civil Code regarding the relationship between nushuz and obedience," which addresses the concept of nushuz in everything related to the right of obedience to the spouse, such as the right of enjoyment and leaving the house.
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