چکیده:
After Augustine, Thomas Aquinas is the primary founder of theology in the Christian world, whose teachings in this field are the main source for resolving theological disputes among Catholics and have been the official basis for centuries of Catholic Christian philosophers and theologians; his encounter with Averroistic rationality and his commitment to Christianity have made him a figure whose understanding can today be responsive regarding the relationship between religion, reason, and politics; although his thought is considered traditional compared to the era of modernity, he should be considered one of the pioneers of the first European Renaissance and an inspiration to thinkers who helped the emergence of modern rationality; in other words, Thomas's use of Aristotle's theory of reason makes him successful in justifying certain Christian teachings; however, this approach is not limited to the instrumental use of reason, and in his encounter with the dualities of Christianity (including reason and faith / spiritual society and civil society), it brings him to a point where he attributes a role, albeit a small one, to practical rationality; nevertheless, despite the fact that the starting point of Thomas's theory of reason is Aristotle's book 'De Anima', he places his main effort in formulating Christian theology, and in his few political writings, he evaluates the emphasis on reason as a branch of faith and revelation but considers it important; finally, the dual structure of society from his perspective introduces the realism and secondary attitude toward reason in comparison to Averroes/Aquinas as law-oriented and faith-oriented, although he sought the harmony of reason and revelation, considered happiness the end of political society, and insisted on the importance of reason for individual and political ethics. The present writing examines prudence in two domains: principles (epistemology and ontology) and also the ends and goals of political society in Thomas's theory.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Abstract: After Augustine, Thomas Aquinas is the primary founder of theology in the Christian world, whose teachings in this field are the main source for resolving theological disputes among Catholics, and he has been the official philosopher and theologian of Catholic Christianity for centuries; his encounter with Averroistic rationality and his attachment to Christianity have made him a figure whose understanding can today be responsive regarding the relationship between religion, reason, and politics; although his thought is considered traditional compared to the era of modernity, he should be considered one of the pioneers of the first Renaissance movement in Europe and an inspiration to thinkers who helped the emergence of modern rationality; in other words, Thomas's use of Aristotle's theory of reason makes him successful in justifying certain Christian doctrines; however, this approach is not limited to the instrumental use of reason, and in his encounter with the dualities of Christianity (including reason and faith/spiritual society and civil society), it brings him to a point where he assigns a role, however small, to practical rationality; nevertheless, despite the fact that the starting point of Thomas's theory of reason is Aristotle's book "De Anima" (On the Soul), he places his main effort in formulating Christian theology, and in his few political writings, he evaluates the emphasis on reason as secondary to faith and revelation but important; finally, the dual structure of society from his perspective introduces the Ibn Rushd/Aquinas comparison as realist versus legalistic and faith-based, although he sought the harmony of reason and revelation, considered happiness the goal of political society, and insisted on the importance of reason for individual and political ethics.
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