چکیده:
Introduction Cognitive science is a modern and interdisciplinary science that, along with nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, forms the convergent knowledge complex (NBIC). Theology is a science that deals with deriving, regulating and explaining religious knowledge and concepts And proves and justifies the propositions of faith with various methods of reasoning, including arguments, debates, speeches, etc., and answers the objections and doubts of the opponents of religion. Some issues have been raised in the scientific sciences that challenge some theological issues. Since theology is responsible for explaining and defending the revelation and theological teachings, it is necessary to enter these topics. On the one hand, if faced with a lack of knowledge, theology should complete itself, and on the other hand, with its constructive criticism, clarify the deficiency of the cognitive sciences and complement these sciences. Method of Study: The upcoming article intends to deal with the types of relationship between cognitive sciences and speech with the library method in collecting information and the analytical descriptive method in deriving the point of view. Findings The findings of this research are as follows: 1. Sciences can appear in two conflicting and cooperative roles in relation to each other. For the cooperative role, it is possible to depict various types of relationships based on the elements and components of science. These relationships can be divided into three content, method and model relationships. 2. Content relationship can be propositional and basic, and each can be divided into three types: production and consumption relationship, dialogic relationship, and cohesive, corrective, and deepening relationship. 3. The content relationship between cognitive sciences and theologycan be depicted in the three fields of theology, religion and anthropology. a. Things like proof, description of God and definition of divine names and attributes are related to the first area. b. Matters such as revelation and religious experience, the relationship between science and religion, and the functions of religion are related to the second area. c. Matters such as the problem of mind and body, the problem of artificial intelligence, the unity of human wisdom and natural affairs, as well as free will are common areas of content in the third area. 4. Cognitive science by using experimental method in the field of cognitive studies is effective in correcting and completing and deepening theological topics. 5. Due to the use of multiple methods by theology, it is possible to mention the methodological unity of this science with the cognitive sciences, while theology uses other methods that the cognitive sciences do not use, and for this reason, it can help the theories of the cognitive sciences. 6. Sometimes the relationship between two things is a structural relationship, for example, the relationship between the Qur'an and Islamic thought can be content and structural. The structural relation is the same as the model relation. 7. Based on the discussions of conceptual metaphor in cognitive sciences, it is claimed that the Qur'an as a text that theologians use and are responsible for defending has used this model. Paying attention to this model has many effects in the field of theological debates, including the knowledge of God, existential monotheism, and Islamic cosmology and worldview, and it can make judgments about theological sects and religions. Conclusion Undoubtedly, there are relations between sciences. In this article, it was clarified that there are three relationships between cognitive science and theology: content, method, and model creation. The content relation can be propositional and principled, that is, the relation in the content is sometimes related to the presuppositions and fields of science and sometimes it is related to the propositions that are present in the scene of science. The model relationship is related to the structure and has nothing to do with the content.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the first axis, within the three domains of theology (God-knowledge), religious studies, and anthropology, matters such as proof, the description of God, the definition of divine names and attributes, revelation and religious experience, the relationship between science and religion, the functions of religion, the mind-body problem, the problem of artificial intelligence, the unity of human intellect and innate matters, and also free will were mentioned as a shared content domain.
Matters such as the proof of God's existence, the definition of God and the description of divine attributes and actions, religious experience, the relationship between science and religion, the functions of religion, the mind-body relationship, human nature (fitra), and free will are among the common issues of cognitive sciences and Kalam, which on one hand, their proof or negation in cognitive sciences can challenge theological discussions and thus play a role in correcting and completing the science of Kalam; and on the other hand, Kalam can assist cognitive sciences and be influential in matters such as explaining authentic and inauthentic experiences, as well as near-death experiences, etc.
Schaffer believes that here, in order to show that a metaphysical belief or theory is invalid or that its validity is diminished in light of the evidence of cognitive sciences, the following two aspects must be considered together: A) The psychological aspect: the cognitive mechanisms involved in the production of that belief must be shown; meaning it must be shown how that belief is formed based on the functioning of our mind's cognitive mechanisms.
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