چکیده:
Some consider the article 'Refutation of Idealism' by George Edward Moore, published in 1903, to be the beginning of analytic philosophy. Moore argues that if new idealism has made any fundamental claim about the world, it is that 'the world is spiritual' and any argument used to prove this claim necessarily includes the premise that 'to be is to be perceived.' Accepting this premise obliges a person to accept the view that the object of a perception cannot be distinguished from the perception itself. Moore attempts to prove that this view is incorrect and that a distinction exists between the act of perceiving and the object of perception. As a result of Moore's reasoning, idealism more or less vanished from the scene of Western philosophy and was replaced by various forms of realism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The idealist wants to assert that, in a sense, contrary to how they apparently appear, they are neither inanimate3 nor senseless4; and I do not think his language is excessively deceptive, but rather perhaps we should consider him to believe that they are, in fact, truly very different from how they appear; second, when he declares that they are spiritual, he wants to include numerous various properties in that term and concept [-spiritual].
On the contrary, I completely agree with them that, if existence is fundamentally being evidenced, being evidenced must be understood in such a way that it does not include only sensation, but also includes other types of mental realities, which are called "thought"; and, whether existence is being evidenced or not, I know that this is the main service of the philosophical school to which the new idealists belong, which has emphasized the distinction [of sensation from] "thought", and the spiritual importance.
Here, there is no need for me to hide my opinion, which is that no philosopher has ever succeeded in avoiding this contradictory error; indeed, the most striking achievements of both idealism05 and agnosticism15 arise only by equating blue and the sensation of blue; in the sense that they believe that to exist is to be perceived; solely because the view is held that what is experienced is exactly one thing with the experience of it.
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