چکیده:
Ahwāl’ and ‘Maqāmāt’ are the basic concepts in Islamic mysticism. These two terms have more or less been used in the works of Sufis since the third century. The basic question here is who first introduced these two concepts. Some scholars believe that these two were raised by Imam Sadiq (AS) for the first time. This paper، however، claims that Imam Ali bin Hussein’s (AS) Khamsa ‘Ashara Monājāt first introduced Ahwal and Maqāmāt to the Muslim world. Therefore، after an introduction، this paper attempts to prove its claim from three aspects: The first part discusses the history of Maqāmāt attributed to Shiite Imams— Imam Ali and Imam Ja'far Sadiq (AS). The second part of the paper is to introduce and explain the structure of Khamsa Ahara Monājāt as a mystical-prayer work. The third part compares the frequency of the words in Monājāt with similar ones attributed to other Shiite Imams. The last part also compares the terms used in Monājāt with those used in the first and second centuries. The result of this study confirms that Imam Ali bin Hussein (AS) is the first person who explained Ahval and Maqāmāt for the Muslim world.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The first section is dedicated to the history of attributing the subject of stations to the Shia Imams - Imam Ali (AS) and Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (AS); the second and main part of the writing addresses the introduction and explanation of the Khams Ashara supplication as a supplication possessing the structure of mystical stations; and in the third section, a comparison of the lexical frequency of this supplication with other mystical supplications of the Shia Imams is presented, as well as a general comparison of these terms with the terminology used by the ascetics and Sufis of the first and second centuries.
The conclusion of the author's investigation is that both the authenticity of attributing the "Khams Ashara" supplication to the Imam is reassuring, and the structure of this supplication is based on the spiritual ascent of the mystic and the traversing of mystical stations; consequently, Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (AS) explained the stations of suluk for the first time in the Islamic world.
It seems to be the most wonderful and deepest part of these supplications, where important and fundamental concepts of suluk are presented, and as its name suggests, its main axis is "love"; just as the gnostic begins this station with the sweetness of love and intimacy with God, he asks the Truth to choose him through His proximity and guardianship (wilayah), and through affection, love, longing for the meeting, satisfaction with destiny, and the vision of the Truth, to make him pure and dedicated to the gnosis of God, to prepare the heart and soul for the observation and friendship of the Beloved, and to make him devoted to remembrance, gratitude, obedience, supplication, and detachment from all else.
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