The History of Presential Science مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, the most flourishing philosophical tradition has been divided based on the most fundamental issue of "human rational knowledge," creating entirely different currents: First is the Platonic view, according to which rational knowledge is the rational reflection of the human mind upon subjects that are single, simple, universal, constant, and immaterial. While the Neoplatonic school explained the characteristics of its understanding of knowledge by presence through the actual ontological truth of the mystical perception of the "One," which can be realized in the human mind as an instance of knowledge by presence, in Islamic Illuminationist philosophy, all these stages are explicitly present and clarify the meaning of knowledge by presence. And by what order has He actualized that which He has brought into being?" (6) Regarding the issue of knowledge, Farabi explains his view as follows: "Chapter: The human soul is that which possesses the ability to receive meaning through definition and through the perception of the pure reality of that meaning, through which non-essential attached matters are rejected, and its pure truth remains as a common core to which all different examples are reduced in simplicity. In addition, the fundamental position of these three aforementioned philosophers is such that they are all completely convinced that the active intellect is a divine being, completely separate from our material existence, and that the relationship between such a divine existence and our existence, based on illumination (Ishraq), is achieved in the sense of conscious rational knowledge, and consequently, a unity is established that is attained through absorption (meaning the realization of our self-awareness when it becomes united with divine truths in some way).