چکیده:
The main aim of this paper is to investigate Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and security as discourses that related to Bio-Politics. The goal of discourse is making subject that is identified by his/her norms and controls in daily life. In this current text we want to reveal relation of mentioned discourses to bio-politics and body-politics. Relation of discourses to body- politics have been developing in twenty century in theories and multiple texts. On the considering this texts, legislations and actions that tending to classification of bodies and population is one of main preoccupation of discourses in recent century. Norms of economical body or body which should be a productive body of capital, other body and security comes of mentioned discourses. Part of often researches have used to Michael Foucault though, therefore in recent text we used genealogy. So, our hypothesis is the Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and security are strongly to bio-politics, and originally they comes of elements of bio-politics. Consequently, current systems has been founded as bio-political discourses, due to accruing global/ local subjects.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Therefore, the research hypothesis is that the forms of totalitarianism, liberalism/neoliberalism, and security systems, *Corresponding author: PhD graduate in Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Iran Fateh.
In general, biopolitics is carried out through governmentality, meaning the control, discipline, and infiltration of state power into the details of people's lives, which leads to the formation of new behaviors and actions in the biological sphere.
Biopolitics as risk politics 2: (the bio-biological form of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that leads to the emergence of foreign or other bodies 3).
, demographers, sociologists and economists (Gray, 2005: 88) In the same way, the transformation into biopolitics caused a transformation in the way the body is viewed and a change in vocabulary, each of which carried new relations regarding life and the body, which can be illustrated as follows: Table 2- Clarification of Foucault's theoretical system on various concepts In three periods: pre-modern, modern, and post-modern Society, pre-modern, modern, post-modern History, process of individuation Power, sovereignty, punishment and care, governmentality Tools used, public flogging, hierarchical/normalization/testing, responsibility-based Knowledge, exclusive, detailed and specific division, pervasive Effects, fear of punishment, segmented, showing/identifying Self, struggle for honor, struggle for autonomy, struggle for identity Identity, based on obedience, normalized, aesthetic (sensory) Resistance, limited, extensive, coincidence of identity spaces Subjectivity, comprehensive/pervasive, individualized, subjectified Ethics, absolute, based on public order, localized Truth, function of God / nature, influenced by power/consent, intertwined with identity (Linstead, 2004: 17) Discursive forms of biopolitics In total, the discourses discussed in this text, first and foremost, have a biopolitical form.
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