چکیده:
In the present research, through a content analysis of existing works regarding the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, the methodology of this American philosopher and its contribution to research approaches and methods were examined. This investigation, while expressing the connection between Peirce's statements in the field of method with theoretical rhetoric in logic, the three categories, and types of reasoning, shows that Peirce speaks in his philosophy of three methods: the pragmatic method, the method of attaining philosophical categories, and the methods of fixing belief. Furthermore, the findings, in addition to stating the foundations of the aforementioned methods, indicate the influence of the pragmatic method on logical positivism and the contribution of the method of attaining categories in the field of phenomenology. Regarding the fixing of belief, Peirce proposes four methods: tenacity, coercion, intellectual, and scientific, and among them, he only advocates for the scientific method. This method, which consists of three methods—abductive, deductive, and inductive—has contributed, along with the pragmatic method, to the development of the logical positivism approach due to the role of research in attaining truth. While encompassing the characteristics of qualitative research, due to its empirical approach to research along with the pragmatic and category-attaining methods, Peirce's pragmatism is introduced as a foundation for mixed research methods.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This investigation, while indicating the connection between Peirce's premises in the field of method with theoretical rhetoric in logic, the three categories, and types of reasoning, shows that Peirce speaks in his philosophy of three methods: pragmatic, attainment of philosophical categories, and methods of fixing belief.
, as well as his works related to his method and methodology, he should be considered a comprehensive philosopher, however, in this regard, methodological interests hold a more prominent position; because on one hand, Peirce himself believes that "for a long time he has been concerned with studying research methods and has devoted most of his attention to the methods of the most precise sciences" (Peirce, 1932: V1:2) and on the other hand, what has made him a prominent figure in the history of philosophy is the presentation of the pragmatic philosophical approach and his expression of it as a method for the clarification of ideas (Ideas clear), observing that Peirce's view represents this clarification (clear) in the realm of reality, meaning, and truth; therefore, his philosophy is a philosophy that provides methods both for knowing reality and for finding meaning and attaining truth.
Also, considering the etymological meaning of the word, which recognizes pragmatism as "a practical approach to finding solutions to existing problems and issues" (Kalolo, 2015: 155), it can be said that finding a solution or the characteristic of problem solving has also been one of the characteristics of Peirce's philosophy and is not something exclusive to the view of pragmatists like Dewey.
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