چکیده:
presently, the term “concomitance” in islamic philosophy means equality in referents alongside unity in truth. whenever, two words include all their referents and apply to all of them from a single aspect, they are concomitants. the historical-analytic study of “concomitance” in islamic philosophy and kalām indicates that this term was used in a different meaning before ‘allāmah ṭabāṭabā’ī and even his own words. according to the meaning given above, “concomitance’ is used in a general sense including equality in both referent and concept. the author believes that the assumption of unity in the direction of truth as one of the semantic bases of this term has only been propounded by some of the students of ‘allāmah ṭabāṭabā’ī. hence, it cannot be used in its present meaning in the words of early mutīkallīmūn and philosophers. the present paper, examines the meaning of “concomitance” in two different periods: before and after ‘allāmah ṭabāṭabā’ī. the author initially investigates the lexical meaning of “concomitance” and its functions and applications in the words of mutīkallīmūn and philosophers and demonstrates that its common meaning of their time was different from what is common today. then, after a meticulous study of ‘allāmah ṭabāṭabā’ī’s words, he proves that this great philosopher also used this term in the same sense that his predecessors did. finally, he explores and criticizes the arguments of the advocates of the new interpretation of “concomitance” and challenges their ideas. to support his argument by an example, the author provides a historical analysis of the “concomitance of existence and unity” in islamic kalām and philosophy.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the following writing, after examining the meaning of the word musawaqat before and after Allameh Tabataba'i, we will explain the arguments of those who believe in the unity in the direction of truth and proceed to examine and critique them, and finally, to become more familiar with the historical transformation of the word musawaqat, we will, as an example, proceed to a historical study of the coextensivity of existence and unity in Islamic philosophy and theology.
1. The technical transformation of the word musawaqat before Allamah Tabataba'i Muhaqqiq al-Lahiji in Shawariq al-Ilham, at the end of the discussion on the musawaqat of beingness (shai'iyya) and existence (wujud), says: And the term al-musawaqat is used for that which encompasses unity in concept, such that the two terms are synonymous; and equality in truth (sidq), such that they are distinct (al-Lahiji, 1425: 1/ .
Muhaqqiq al-Lahiji, considering that his speech is about the musawaqat of existence and beingness, says in the continuation of the aforementioned text: The theologians are hesitant regarding the semantic synonymy of these two words, so much so that it can be said there is evidence for the lack of synonymy between these two; for example, "al-sawad mawjud" (the blackness exists) is informative (mufid al-fa'ida), but "al-sawad shay'" (the blackness is a thing) is not informative, whereas if these two were synonymous, both propositions should be informative (ibid: 233).
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