چکیده:
Given the religious commonality between the Ottoman Empire and a portion of the Kurds in Iran, as both were Sunni Shafi'i, religion has always been one of the primary instruments of the Ottoman government to gain the support of the Kurds. It can be said that the most important Ottoman weapon for coloring the sense of unity of this ethnic group with the Shia government of Iran was to resort to religious beliefs and highlight their religious differences with the Iranian government. This research, by examining the Pan-Islamism policy of Abdul Hamid II (1876 - 1909 AD) and its impact on the relations of the Kurds with the Ottoman government, has concluded that this Ottoman Sultan, by instrumentally using the Pan-Islamism policy and striving to spread it among the Kurds, attempted on one hand to seek their participation in suppressing the Armenian independence movement and to distance them from and bring them into confrontation with the Shia government of Iran. On the other hand, to achieve his goals, he formed the Hamidiye regiments among the Kurds and applied a religious veneer to them; however, the friendship pact between Sharif Pasha and the Armenian representative on one side, and the love and sense of long-standing historical belonging of the Kurds to their ancestral land on the other, led to the failure of Abdul Hamid's policies. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the method of data collection is library-based.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This research, by examining the Pan-Islamism policy of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909 AD) and its impact on the relations of the Kurds with the Ottoman government, has reached the conclusion that this Ottoman Sultan, by using Pan-Islamism as an instrumental tool and striving to spread it among the Kurds, attempted on one hand to seek their participation in suppressing the Armenian independence movement and to create distance and confrontation between them and the Shia government of Iran; and on the other hand, to achieve his goals, he formed the Hamidiye regiments among the Kurds and applied a religious veneer to them.
In the present research, which has been prepared using the library method and by reviewing various sources, an attempt has been made to provide a general introduction to the policy of Pan-Islamism during the era of Sultan Abdulhamid, analyze the situation of the Kurds during this period and the reasons for the Sultan's recourse to this policy, and to pay attention to the Sultan's methods and strategies for attracting the cooperation of the Kurds to achieve his goals, including: utilizing the role of sheikhs and the formation of the Hamidiye forces.
The influence and penetration of Western capitalism and the intervention of Europeans in the Islamic world, which constantly called upon the Ottoman Empire to implement reforms, especially regarding the rights of Christian minorities, forced Abdulhamid II to adopt a Pan-Islamist policy and approach; Islamic unity in this era, more than having a religious (theological-jurisprudential) nature, was political-cultural.
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