چکیده:
Although the ever-growing Islamist movement under Imam Khomeini played a key role in the formation and final victory of the Islamic Revolution during 1978-1979, the Islamic Revolution was also assisted – however less sensible - by the influence and participation of three political currents known as the National Liberal spectrum, the Leftwing or Leftists and Eclectic ideology. After the Revolution, Tudeh Party of Iran, as the most influential Leftist political organization, tried to gain political power and social prestige although its role in the revolutionary developments was not outstanding. This paper intends to study the policies and approaches of Tudeh Party of Iran from the establishment of the Islamic Revolution to the constitutional referendum (April 1, 1979 through Dec. 3, 1979) toward the newly established Islamic Republic and the rival political currents for promoting and consolidation of its position in political and social arena of the country. The research method called for historical review of the subject under study through process tracing. Findings of the research work indicate that Tudeh Party of Iran had opportunistically tried to display an approach toward revolutionary causes and goals, relatively similar to the Islamist current under Imam Khomeini, through highlighting and accentuating Islamic Revolution and Islamic Republic’s anti-imperialistic doctrine. At the same time, the party maintained an opposing and even hostile position against the National Liberal current and other Leftist parties and political groups who favored – unlike Tudeh Party – an anti-Soviet Union tendency claiming their ideology was incompatible with that of the Islamic Revolution.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Just as when it was said on October 26, 1979, that the Revolutionary Council welcomes various opinions, suggestions, and views regarding the issues and problems facing the country 54 and the system; the Tudeh Party of Iran welcomed this approach of the Revolutionary Council and announced that: "it is itself ready to participate in this healthy, free, and constructive encounter"; and expressed hope that, with the realization of this idea, the behavior of "certain law-breaking and right-wing circles" that have attempted to "remove progressive, leftist, and revolutionary parties, associations, and forces from the scene and effectively weaken the revolutionary front and its real supporters," would be reformed (Documents and Declarations 1981: 229- The Tudeh Party criticized the Bazargan government for its opposition to radical and quasi-Marxist economic interests, which involved state-building and widespread confiscations of the assets of capitalists, major landowners, and the like, and characterized the government's economic policy as being "within the framework of the interests of Iranian liberal capitalism," which, in the opinion of that party, "had fundamental differences with the goals of the revolutionary movement, which primarily relies on the deprived and hardworking classes of society.
The Tudeh Party of Iran, noting that the "freedoms" expected by the revolutionaries "have not yet been consolidated" and "are seriously threatened from all sides, by the counter-revolution, by right-wing extremists, and by left-wing extremists"; considered "the essential condition for the consolidation and stabilization of democratic freedoms" to be "the drafting and approval of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, meaning the new national, democratic, and popular system" and requested "all anti-imperialist forces" to "commit themselves to ensuring that this law is prepared as soon as possible and submitted for public review" and "be completed with the reformist views of the people and approved by the Assembly of Experts" (Documents and Declarations 1980: 127-160).
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