چکیده:
One of the major issues in modern methodological discussions is the method of justification in different schools of thought, which was formerly called “the why of justification”, that is, the reason why something is justified. Defying the limiting methodologies of his predecessors in justification, Mullā Sadrā makes methodological use of his intuitive findings, on equal footing with demonstrative syllogism. He resorts to methods of mystics in justifying the transcendent theses in his philosophy. Moreover, in listing the basic propositions, next to the first principles of the past philosophers, he also includes intuitive propositions acquired through the faculty of illumination. Since Mullā Sadrā sought to found a novel system of thought, he concerned himself with analyzing and criticizing other philosophers, employing logical methods in dealing with their principles, arguments, and conclusions
خلاصه ماشینی:
(Sadr al-Din Shirazi, Al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah fi al-Asfar al-'Aqliyyah al-Arba'ah, 4/119) The position of demonstration in Mulla Sadra's thought After pointing out that self-evident propositions in Mulla Sadra's view differ from the famous view, we proceed to the discussion regarding the way of acquiring truths in Transcendent Wisdom (Al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah).
However, in some cases, alongside demonstration, he also refers to conscience (wijdan) or intuition (shuhud) and considers reaching knowledge and truth to be contingent upon traversing one of these two paths: "Know that the way to obtain divine knowledges is either certain demonstration or manifest revelation" (Sadr al-Din Shirazi, Al-Hikmah al-'Arshiyyah, p.
Mulla Sadra considers his path in Transcendent Wisdom to be the combination of demonstration and conscience, in such a way that he believes this path to attaining truths existed neither among the philosophers preceding him nor among the mystics.
" (Sadr al-Din Shirazi, Asfar, 3/516) In this statement, Mulla Sadra considers conjecture to be the illuminator of the soul on the path to attaining truth, which is necessary for finding the relationship between premises and discovering the middle term in a demonstration, so that someone may guide it and bring it out of the darkness of ignorance.
(Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi, Asfar 8/366) -- Another example that can be presented as a foundational criticism in Mulla Sadra's works is his critique of Abu al-Barakat al-Baghdadi's view regarding the explanation of how direction of sound is perceived.
(Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi, Asfar 1/255 and 256) In this method, Mulla Sadra actually employs the way of the syllogism of opposition to refute the Sufis' argument.
(
, 
, 
)
