چکیده:
In this article, with a look at traditional realist and liberalist attitudes toward the subject of international relations, which results in a tendency toward 'war-centric' or 'peace-centric' views in international relations, the fundamental distinction of Islam from them is addressed. Islam, as a complete and comprehensive religion with its rational and human teachings, has a different approach to the nature of international relations. The source of difference between the views of existing schools in international relations lies in their ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations, and these foundations shape their approach toward the international system. In this writing, an attempt has been made to explain the Islamic approach to international relations by examining ontological and anthropological foundations and to enumerate Islamic principles in international relations using verses from the Holy Quran. Islamic teachings and doctrines, by adopting a distinct and comprehensive position regarding the origin and nature of man, consider international relations to be accompanied by war and peace. War is the result of an imbalance in the relationship between human nature (fitra) and instincts, in which instincts prevail over nature. From the perspective of Islam, the international arena should move from a state of anarchy toward the formation of a kind of 'international community' and consequently acquire a common identity; an identity that confirms the meaning that the future destiny of the global community is related to the type of behavior of all its actors. The meaning of this statement is that the theory of 'felicity' makes humans sensitive to the future of the international system, and therefore they must strive to guide others and reform affairs. From the perspective of Islam, the mechanism of peace is the eradication of the roots of war, which primarily occurs through establishing a logical relationship between instincts and nature. Humans are naturally averse to war and are interested in peace and stability; however, the instinct for superiority and power-seeking sometimes tramples this deep natural desire and drags social relations into conflict and strife. Therefore, in Islamic foreign relations, neither is war the principle (as realists think), nor is permanent peace (as idealists believe); rather, from the perspective of Islam, the phenomena of war and peace constitute the definite reality of human history. But ultimately, considering its universal mission regarding the invitation of peers to felicity and perfection, Islam always pursues the establishment of peaceful relations and, in foreign relations with foreign societies, places the principle on peaceful coexistence.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Keywords: Islam, anthropology, ontology, international relations, war-centric, peace-centric Introduction: For a long time and in a traditional manner, the liberal and realist tendencies have been considered the two dominant discourses in the theorization of international relations and the way countries conduct foreign policy.
As a result of this different and distinct analysis, it can be said that the way realism approaches humans, politics, and society leads them toward the view known as "war-centricity in international relations"; whereas based on the attitude of idealism (liberalism) and the specific approach this school has toward humans, politics, and society, the governing principle in international relations is "peace-centric," and conflict, strife, and war are perceived as accidental states.
Eftekhari, Asghar, "Peace and Security among Nations; An Islamic Approach," Collection of Articles on Islam and International Relations (Theoretical, Subjective, and Analytical Frameworks) edited by Hossein Pour Ahmadi, Tehran: Imam Sadiq University Press, 2010, p.
" 2- The principle of fighting against religious opponents and proponents of disbelief Regarding relations with non-Islamic countries, the Holy Quran has set the conditions of war and peace as the criterion for establishing relations, and it prevents establishing relations with those who are hostile and have targeted the religion of Muslims, saying: إنما ينهاکم الله عن الذين قاتلوکم في الدين و أخرجوکم من ديارکم و ظاهروا علـي إخراجکم أن تولوهم و من يتولهم فأولئک هم الظالمون 3 1.
Eftekhari, Asghar, "Peace and Security among Nations; An Islamic Approach", Collection of Articles on Islam and International Relations (Theoretical, Subjective, and Analytical Frameworks) edited by Hossein Pourahmadi, Tehran: Imam Sadiq (AS) University Press, 2010.
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