چکیده:
While some contend that mysticism precludes engagement in politics and worldly governance for mystics, historical evidence suggests otherwise. An examination of mystics' involvement in political activities challenges the validity of such claims. This study explores the critique of political power in the thought and actions of two mystical figures from distinct periods of mysticism's prominence. Najm al-Dīn Rāzī and Imām Khomeinī both posit that the root of social crises lies in political power; thus, reforming political authority can resolve many societal issues. They argue that the estrangement of rulers from religion and piety opens avenues for corruption within political structures. The most exemplary government, in their view, is established by virtuous and devout individuals—a governance that not only ensures justice for the oppressed but also utilizes worldly dominion as a means for spiritual advancement. However, their approaches to political critique differ: Najm al-Dīn Rāzī, faced with the insecurity caused by Mongol invasions, chose flight over resistance and limited his reform efforts to authoring admonitory texts. In contrast, Imām Khomeinī actively warned against political corruption, employing speeches and declarations to mobilize others towards exposure, resistance, and struggle. He did not flee but stood firm, bearing the costs of resistance. For Imām Khomeinī, engaging in political struggle and assuming political power was not merely a social or human duty but a divine obligation, superseding many other religious duties incumbent upon every devout individual.
خلاصه ماشینی:
62 Transcendent Politics, Year 12, Number 47, 2024 Critique of Political Power in the Thought of Najm al-Din Razi and Imam Khomeini 1 Mohammad Nasiri 1, Mohammad Dehghanizadeh 2, Ramadan Rezayi 3 1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Islamic Knowledge and Thought, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
One is Najm al-Din Razi, one of the greats of the Kubrawiya order, who, as a special case, has also attracted the attention of opponents regarding the compatibility of mysticism with politics; and the other is Imam Khomeini, a renowned contemporary mystic whose continuous activism against political power led to the formation of a political system.
The critique of political power by Najm al-Din Razi and Imam Khomeini demonstrates the political thought of mystics.
The examination of the critique of political power in the thought of Najm al-Din Razi and Imam Khomeini within the framework of Spragens' semantic theory is the distinguishing feature of this research.
4. Research Findings Both Najm Razi and Imam Khomeini believed that establishing the best type of government can only arise from the covenant of the most religious individual, or rather, the Perfect Man. Based on this, to realize this ideal, they utilized the tool of "critique of political power" to reform the ruling power; although the form and result of this utilization were not the same.
Spragens Critique of Political Power in the Thought of Najm al-Din Razi and Imam Khomeini 67 understandings.
Critique of Political Power in the Thought of Najm al-Din Razi and Imam Khomeini 75 Mohaghegh Damad, Seyed Mostafa (2004).
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