چکیده:
In the second era of the Abbasid Caliphate (232–334 AH), especially during the reign of Al-Muqtadir Billah (295–320 AH), we encounter a phenomenon known as Qahramana. Qahramana was the title given to women who served as intermediaries between the harem and the caliphs' courts, and depending on their abilities and influence, they were assigned various duties. The dominance of Turks over the affairs of the Caliphate, the individualistic nature and increasing weakness of Al-Muqtadir, and the struggles for power caused the Qahramanas to take advantage of these conditions to exert influence in various political and social spheres. They intervened in various affairs of the Caliphate, such as the dismissal and appointment of ministers, emirs, and army commanders, and became holders of sensitive and important positions such as judiciary, treasury, and prison warden. This article, by examining this phenomenon and introducing a number of famous Qahramanas of the era of Caliph Al-Muqtadir Billah, addresses the issue of women's presence in the political arena.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the terminological meaning of Qahramana as well, diversity is observed, with various meanings such as the person in charge of the affairs of the Dar al-Khilafa,12 a court minister whose duty was to deliver letters to the Caliph,13 someone / who, because of their power and glory, is the dominant and protector of their subordinates, and is in charge of men's affairs,14 has been mentioned.
For example, when Abu al-Hasan ibn Abi Baghal saw the great influence of Qahramana Umm Musa, he not only drew close to her but also bestowed significant wealth upon her and asked her to bring his brother, Abu al-Husayn, who had been exiled to Isfahan, to the ministry.
65 Despite the strong opposition of jurists to the assumption of judicial affairs by women, Qahramana Thumal, with the support of Umm al-Muqtadir, was appointed to the Diwan al-Mazalim of Rusafa so that every Friday 66 she could deal with the complaints of the people against rulers and officials.
88 In this way, she saved the life of Ali ibn Isa. Similarly, when al-Muqtadir distributed and divided large amounts of wealth and jewelry among women, concubines, and other individuals close to the court, Qahramana Zaydan received her full share from the Caliph's largesse.
Ibn al-Jawzi, previously cited; Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafayat al-Mashahir wa al-A'lam, corrected by Umar Abd al-Salam Tadmurri, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1413, vol.
Ali ibn Furat reached the ministry three times during the caliphate of al-Muqtadir and served as minister for a total of six years.
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