چکیده:
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to re-read the verses of the Quran and the interpretive data found in Seyyed Jamal's writings. This study aims to achieve his interpretive approach regarding the foundations and roots of the decline of civilizations and to categorize these factors. Methodology: The current research is a qualitative study that analyzes the citations and opinions of Seyyed Jamal across his various works using a descriptive and analytical approach. Findings: The research findings can be summarized in several key points. 1. Seyyed Jamal believes that faith in the superior religion, Islam, along with adherence to its principles and commandments, provides a reliable means of understanding God's laws and traditions. This understanding is essential for the advancement or decline of civilizations and guides the nation toward perfection. Seyed Jamal believes that the possession of rationality, wisdom, and hope, along with the achievement of virtues in both individual and social contexts, emerges from the foundation of knowledge, belief, and practice of Islam. Consequently, God's support includes the Ummah, and His promises are fulfilled. This process leads to excellence. According to Seyyed Jamal, the distance people maintain from the beliefs and teachings of religion is one of the fundamental factors contributing to the decline of nations. This detachment from religious teachings, coupled with materialism, leads to a disconnection from rationality, wisdom, and hope, while also fostering moral vices in both personal and social spheres. This phenomenon not only serves as a primary cause of civilizational decline but also perpetuates the notion of divine change from favorable to unfavorable conditions within the nation. In his various writings, Seyyed Jamal depicts the chaotic and deteriorating conditions of Muslims and analyzes the primary reason for this decline: a departure from the principles and teachings of Islam, coupled with the rise of heresy that lacks any foundation in the religion. He views the Muslims of his time as examples of how the tradition of change has affected them. Conclusion: The areas of degeneration in Seyyed Jamal's thought can be categorized into three types: fields of insight and knowledge, fields of action and behavior, and fields of communication and development. According to Seyyed Jamal, one of the primary reasons for the decline of civilizations is the deviation from religious principles and teachings by the people of the nation. This deviation represents a significant area of insight and knowledge, leading to a shift in divine favor, resulting in unfavorable conditions for that nation. Additionally, this factor will lead to the emergence of other areas of degeneration, such as division and discord, weakness and apathy, straying from the path of moderation, and placing trust in strangers. The shortcomings of religious leaders and the imprudence of rulers are also fundamental causes of degeneration, which can be seen as propagandistic in nature. By neglecting their responsibilities, these groups contribute significantly to the estrangement of individuals from religion and the deterioration of civilizations.
خلاصه ماشینی:
1332 Research Article Typology of the Grounds for the Decline of Civilizations in Sayyid Jamal's Interpretive Approach Somayeh Borzoo Isfahani * Received date: 2024/06/19 Rouhollah Shahidi ** Accepted date: 2024/11/25 Ali Rad *** Abstract Sayyid Jamal al-Din Asadabadi did not leave behind an independent interpretation, but he is one of the influential figures on later commentators and the initiator of a social and contemporary trend in the science of interpretation.
Among the most important grounds for the decline of civilizations according to Sayyid Jamal is the deviation from religious thoughts and teachings by the members of the Ummah, which is considered an epistemological and cognitive ground; this causes the divine tradition of change regarding conditions from favorable to unfavorable to occur for such a nation; furthermore, this factor will cause the emergence of other grounds for decline, including division and discord, weakness and slackness, departure from the path of moderation, and reliance on foreigners.
In some of his other writings, Sayyid Jamal places "Naturalism"1 and materialism under criticism, and by citing verse 11 of Surah Ar-Ra'd, he explains the cause of the declining conditions and backwardness of Muslims—despite the valuable and sublime teachings of the religion of Islam—as negligence in performing religious commands, the Muslims themselves, and the change in their thought and method, analyzing it within the approach of Naturalism and materialism (Asadabadi, 1423w, p.
(
, 
, 
)
