چکیده:
The foreign policy of every country is the output of the dialectical interaction between material environmental factors and its cultural, identity, and historical backgrounds. In this regard, national culture is one of the most important factors affecting the construction of national identity, the mental constructs of elites, national roles and interests, and the orientations and strategies of foreign policy. This issue arises due to the inseparable nature of foreign policy within interconnected social circles and the influence of cultural-identity elements on the formation and transformation of foreign policy. Therefore, given the importance of the genealogy of identity and cultural elements in understanding a country's foreign policy, the author in the present article examines the cultural roots of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and evaluates the impact of effective indicators in each cultural layer of Iran on foreign policy with a theoretical-operational approach. It seems that despite the plurality of Iran's identity discourses, by identifying the elements of Iranian, Islamic, modern, and Islamic Revolution identity discourses, it is possible to explain and clarify foreign policy and even understand Iran's potential behavior.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This issue has gained attention after the emergence of behaviorism and post-behaviorism in the form of comparative foreign policy studies, and since then, especially in new approaches to international relations and in critical, postmodern, and constructivist schools (which, in criticizing rationalist theories such as neorealism and neoliberalism, emphasize the dialectic of material and social structures and the social construction of mentality, identity, and interests of actors, as well as their role perceptions and performance in foreign policy), it has become more important and has turned into a focal point for the analysis of international politics.
In fact, although in the field of foreign policy theorizing, many efforts have existed in the past to organize national and international phenomena and describe and explain the potential cause and effect of these phenomena—considering concepts such as power, interests, structure, and actor—within the framework of realist or idealist theories, it is only after methodological transformations in international relations and the emergence of foreign policy analysis theories and the strengthening of cognitive, hermeneutic, and interpretive attitudes, and after that, the emergence of postmodern, critical, constructivist, historical sociological, and discursive theories, that the importance of social and cultural factors in the formation of foreign policy has been taken into account.
Nevertheless, although there is no consensus regarding the nature, number, and causes of the emergence of cultural variables in each of these layers of national culture, the reciprocal relationships of this identity fabric have been the determinant of Iran's foreign objectives and behavior and how they are implemented;7 because through these cultural elements, the definition of "self," "others," the perception of the role of "self" in the international order, and the characteristics and performance of foreign policy elites and officials have been determined.
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