چکیده:
The concept of "soul" is one of the important topics discussed in detail by thinkers in different religions and philosophical schools. Because of its importance, philosophers and theologians have argued about the nature and characteristics of the soul. Saadia Gaon, a medieval Jewish philosopher, is one of the Jewish scholars who has addressed this issue. His views on the issue of the soul are among the most controversial views of Saadia, which have caused controversy among scholars. After discussing the views of the Greek philosophers, he refutes their theories with rational reasoning and narrative allusions, and then proposes his theory of the soul. The present paper examines Saadia Gaun's views on the soul, his intellectual backgrounds, as well as the extent of the originality of his ideas about the subject under discussion. He seems to have a synthetic approach to the issue of the soul.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Saadia Gaon, soul, simple body, subtle body, celestial spheres, second air Introduction Discourse regarding man and his truth is one of the most important and complex topics that has occupied human thought.
Julius Gutman, rejecting Horovitz's view, points out that the content of the three aforementioned sources does not exactly correspond to the various theories of the soul in Saadia, and that Saadia obtained these views from another source that is only similar to the mentioned works, and of course, no trace of it remains in the current era; however, Herbert Davidson argues and states in detail that the book De placitis philosophorum by Plutarch, which was also translated into Arabic during the translation movement, is Saadia's primary source for expressing various views regarding the nature of the soul (Davidson, 1967, p.
As is evident in the seventh theory, the views of Plato and Saadia are different; because Plato states that the soul is an abstract spiritual being that has been reluctantly attached to the body; but Saadia considers the soul considers it a material bodily substance that is of an exalted elemental type, which, in terms of purity, surpasses the celestial spheres.
Therefore, like Nazzam, Saadia attributes abstraction only to the Essence of the Almighty and considers the soul and other beings to be material; and in the view of both of them, the soul is a subtle physical substance and the simplest creature in the universe, the knowledge of which is very difficult.
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