چکیده:
The idea that human needs are the origin of moral judgments is the result of a theory that is examined in this writing. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research pursues two goals: first, to identify and describe the need-based ethical theory. The second goal is to evaluate the theory. To achieve these goals, stating and explaining the background of the discussion and some other topics is necessary. In this regard, the path of thoughts leading to this theory, the definition and types of needs, and the examination of theories surrounding need-based ethics have been addressed, and finally, the criticisms leveled against this theory have been re-examined.
خلاصه ماشینی:
And finally, the need-based theory believes that humans have needs and desires that function as motives for specific types of behavior and, through the use of awareness and consciousness, create 'oughts' within us.
But due to the role and importance of various human needs in moral decision-making and the necessity of accessing the fundamental foundations of ethics, this article examines only the fourth theory, namely the need-based theory.
The importance and necessity of needs on one hand, the achievement of fundamental moral foundations on the other, and the lack of literature regarding the subject of this article, are points that justify and make research into the need-based theory of ethics necessary.
Based on this, new theories were proposed, and thinkers examined and classified motivations, paying attention to psychological and social needs alongside bodily needs.
Henry Alexander Murray71 says in the definition of need: "A force that originates from human mentality and perception and regulates thought and action in such a way that the individual engages in a behavior to change an undesirable situation in a certain direction and convert the state of dissatisfaction into the satisfaction of a need".
Basic needs are things that, according to the laws of nature, environmental facts, and the facts of human structure, are essential at a certain stage of life for an individual's rational and independent living.
The theory follows this line: from this perspective, the human is laden with needs that, in addition to their existence being conditional upon their presence, these very inclinations and needs are the primary factor determining their behavior, and "self-satisfaction" is the ultimate goal of any activity.
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