چکیده:
Since the reality of external existence never comes to the mind, and the only way to know it in acquired knowledge is through the concept of existence, here is a question as to how the mind can conceptualize this reality. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study explores the dimensions, aspects, and roots of this question, and Allameh Tabatabai's answer, and analyzes his answer. According to the answer, the mind, in its first encounter with something like blackness, forms the proposition "This blackness is blackness," and from the independent reality of the judgment and attribution between the subject and the predicate—which is a mental phenomenon and a mental act and also a dual reality; in other words, it is both mental and indicative of the external —abstracts the concept in a perceptive form. It means that the mind represents the concept of "to be," and finds a path to the external reality. Subsequently, it looks at the relation and connection between the subject and predicate independently and forms an independent concept for it, which first appears as limited and added, i.e., the existence of the predicate for the subject, and then, without adding to the subject, it is conceived in an absolute form.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Based on his answer, in the first encounter with something like blackness, the mind forms the proposition "this blackness is this blackness" and abstracts from the independent reality a judgment and attribution between the subject and the predicate—which is itself a mental phenomenon and an act of the mind, and also a dual reality; meaning it is mental from one perspective and representative of the external from another—and through a perceptual form, namely the concept of "is," it narrates it and finds a way to the outside of the mind through it; then, looking at the relation and connection between the subject and the predicate with an independent view, it prepares an independent concept for it, which is first in a restricted and annexed form; meaning the existence of the predicate for the subject, and then, without being added to the subject and in an absolute form, it is conceived by the mind.
7. The Manner of Conceptualizing Existence in Allamah's View Based on what has been stated in the principles of philosophy and the method of realism, when we see blackness for the first time, for example, and form the proposition "this blackness is this blackness," and the external relation "is" (ast) appears, in this mental work and effort, the concept of blackness that we perceive is essence itself and external reality itself, with the difference that external reality has effects independent of the mind and perception, but this essence lacks those effects; and thus, it can be said that we attain the essence of blackness; meaning, whatever blackness is in its own essence, is exactly what is with us; contrary to what the Sophists or those who believe in phantasms in mental existence say; because they say: the blackness that is with us is the same blackness that exists, and there is a great difference between these two statements.
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