چکیده:
The aim of this article is to examine the impact of identity discourses on the shaping or non-shaping of a common Islamic foreign policy, taking into account the influential components in the domestic and foreign spheres of Muslim countries in the Middle East region. Two essential components in this framework are beliefs and values, and the pressures of extra-regional powers. The research argues that beliefs provide the necessary abstract backgrounds for shaping identity, but identities arising from values do not necessarily have a convergent function. This means that while religious beliefs, such as belief in God, the Prophet of Islam, the Qibla, and a common book, guide Middle Eastern Muslim countries toward shaping a common foreign policy (positive role), at the same time, religious-sectarian differences—which are discourses within the Islamic discourse—will prevent the shaping of a common Islamic foreign policy (negative role). On the other hand, the West also has positive and negative effects on this process. When Western actions challenge the entire Islamic community (such as Islamophobia), they play a positive role in the process of shaping a common Islamic foreign policy, and when they interfere in creating friendly relations among Muslim countries (such as efforts to portray Iran and Shiites as threats), they play a negative role in this process.
خلاصه ماشینی:
However, with the experiences gained, all thinkers and those interested in shaping convergence have reached the conclusion that the general conditions of Middle Eastern countries are not suitable for the formation of convergent institutions; therefore, it seems that achieving a common foreign policy is an attainable goal and a middle-ground strategy to reach the phase of convergence.
This group, referred to as constructivists, on one hand, like explanators, point to the role of the international environment as an independent variable in shaping the foreign policy of political units (since, from their perspective, the coordinates of the system, including structure and power dynamics, threats, and opportunities, play a prominent role in shaping the transborder policies of states) and, on the other hand, like the thinkers of the second group, paid attention to the role of ideas, dominant discourses, and the intellectual system of each nation in shaping transborder policy.
Despite this, although the formation of the state system in the Middle East following the transformations of World War I led to the shaping of new states in the region, the existence of a common civilizational background, arising from the spiritual and identity-forming element of Islam, binds the nations of the region together.
Therefore, the tragedies occurring in occupied Palestine by Israel and with Western support, especially from the United States, along with the expansion of Western interventions in the affairs of the Islamic world, can be considered a destabilizing factor for Muslim countries and can accelerate the process of forming a common Islamic foreign policy.
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