چکیده:
The theory of the link between rationality and spirituality is presented with the aim of reducing human suffering and pain, based on the belief that traditional religion no longer has the ability to meet this goal and that spirituality in the modern era becomes the successor to religion; because it is accompanied by rationality, and only rational spirituality can reduce human suffering. However, it seems that the theory of rationality and spirituality faces numerous problems in achieving this goal. In this theory, the nature of 'suffering' is not well explained and remains incomplete; also, the theorist considers five stages and steps necessary for reducing human pain, but the theory of spirituality has not been able to properly follow those steps and lacks comprehensiveness regarding all types of human suffering. This theory also has serious flaws in the meaningfulness and justification of the targeted sufferings; furthermore, how and through what means this theory can achieve this goal has been left unspecified, and more importantly, the unrealistic foundation of this theory does not possess the capability or provide the possibility of achieving the goal (reducing human pain).
خلاصه ماشینی:
Professor Mostafa Malekian, in proposing the theory of rationality and spirituality, has also declared this same issue as his primary goal (Malekian, 2010: 79), because he believes that the main problem of humans in life is the issue of pain and suffering (ibid.
According to him, the only way to achieve this goal and the only way for humanity to be liberated from suffering or to reduce human pain in today's world and for contemporary humans is to link rationality and spirituality (ibid.
The spiritual human, in their view, thinks like a secular, "seeking worldly, natural, and completely definite and specific reward and punishment" (Malekian, 2013: 41), whereas the endurance of suffering among the prophets and the companions of Imam Hussain 7 was not based on secularism, but rather on eschatology and otherworldly reward 1; and according to their admission, the secular spirituality of this theory, which places the world as the center of attention, is not in harmony with the eschatology found in religions (ibid.
The fifth stage that they consider necessary to achieve the goal (peace and reduction of pains) is the guarantee of salvation; that a person be certain that the problem of human suffering will be resolved with this practical solution (ibid: 289), but the theory of spirituality itself does not provide such a guarantee, even though it admits to the existence of the guarantee of salvation in traditional religions (ibid).
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