چکیده:
In this writing, while examining the etymology of the word "Jahl", its derivatives in the Quran are investigated. The evolutionary process, semantic aspects, and how they are used in contrast to 'Hilm' (forbearance), 'Aql' (intellect), and 'Islam', as well as their semantic field and their relationship with synonymous, antonymous, and adjacent words to the original meaning, have been explained and described on the axis of substitution or coexistence. To this end, the contents are presented in two parts, "historical semantics" and "descriptive semantics", using the "descriptive-analytical" method. In the Holy Quran, its verbal derivatives are used 24 times in both meanings; however, most relate to the first meaning.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The word "Jahl" is one of the authentic Arabic and key words in the Quran, and it is the original and central word in this article; in this writing, while referring to the origin of this term and its initial usage, the semantic developments of this word in the period before the revelation of the Quran and after it will be addressed in the framework of "historical semantics"; subsequently, the semantic aspects of the word Jahal and its derivatives in the Holy Quran, its semantic field, including synonymous, antonymous, and adjacent words, for familiarity with their usages and understanding of pre-Islamic and Islamic texts, will be examined under the title of "descriptive semantics.
Regarding the necessity and importance of this discussion, it is worth mentioning that anyone who wants to have a correct understanding of Islam and better knowledge of the Holy Quran and its content must have studies on the customs, traditions, and rites of the Arabs before Islam; the word Jahal and its derivatives and the words in its semantic field, in familiarizing with the Jahiliyya period, customs, Jahili culture, and consequently the recognition of the Islamic period, the importance of the revelation of the Quran, the work of the Final Prophet (PBUH), and the efforts made by our religious leaders, serve as a great teacher for us and an introduction to other research.
Izutsu mentioned three meanings for jahl: The first meaning refers to the type of behavior of the pre-Islamic Arabs and a specific pattern of human behavior that cannot control itself and is provoked by slight stimulation, acting without considering the consequences of its own action; the opposite of this jahl is hilm, in the sense of restraining and silencing such a state.
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