چکیده:
Achieving political, security, and economic goals has always been among the most important objectives of countries in formulating and implementing their foreign policy. To achieve these goals, countries have mainly and traditionally adopted a type of diplomacy based on political, military, and economic approaches and tools; however, in the second half of the twentieth century, relatively new approaches emerged in diplomacy that recommended greater attention and emphasis on cultural solutions and tools to foreign policy officials and designers. This article aims to study this relatively new phenomenon in the field of foreign policy and international relations by explaining the foundations of this approach and citing historical evidence and practical examples, and in this regard, discusses the various dimensions of the relationship between culture and diplomacy. In this article, how cultural factors influence diplomacy at the levels of 'design' and 'implementation' is also examined, and then, how to effectively use 'soft power' in advancing diplomacy by countries will be decomposed and analyzed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Look at Definitions of Cultural Diplomacy In the literature of international relations and foreign policy, various definitions of cultural diplomacy have been presented, among which the following definitions are among the most expressive: Frank Ninkovitch considers cultural diplomacy as the effort to enhance the level of communication and interaction among the nations of the world with the aim of designing and establishing understandings and agreements based on shared values (Ninkovitch, 1996, p.
Adopting the first approach, or the propaganda war strategy, of course presents an easier and less expensive way for America, but its achievements are only in the short term is satisfying and will not solve any major or fundamental problems for this country's foreign policy; for example, the use of media tools such as Radio Sawa and the Al-Hurra satellite television network for Arabic audiences in the Middle East, as well as the launch of Radio Farda alongside the production and broadcasting of Persian radio and television programs through Voice of America, are among the mechanisms that Americans have apparently chosen for cultural diplomacy, but they have had a highly propagandistic appearance and function and have thus far appeared ineffective.
The British and Australians regard what they call cultural international relations (lanoitanretni snoitaler larutluc) as one of the major priorities in their foreign policy, and they consider its goal to be presenting a positive image of these countries to the world.
According to many international relations experts, success and achievement in foreign policy in general, and in the field of changing a country's face and image in other societies in particular, depend on the correct use of cultural mechanisms and tools within the framework of cultural diplomacy.
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