چکیده:
Islamic civilization has a history of ups and downs. At the beginning of Islam, Muslims created united and cohesive societies relying on faith and their scientific and political efforts; however, the Mongol invasion and the Crusades faced Islamic civilization with serious challenges, and its resurgence in Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and India was halted by Western colonial policies. In response to these challenges, Islamic movements took shape in the Islamic world. This article aims to analyze these movements within the context of Islamic civilization. To this end, it first provides a brief overview of the course of Islamic civilization and then analyzes the Islamic awakening in four waves. The Islamic awakening initially encompassed the elites of the Islamic world. They offered various opinions for the Islamic world to emerge from its period of stagnation. Subsequently, Muslim people entered the scene, and the Islamic awakening took on a popular and public dimension, achieving victory in some regions.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the prime of Islam, Muslims created united and cohesive societies by relying on faith and their scientific and political efforts; however, the Mongol invasion and the Crusades confronted Islamic civilization with serious challenges, and its renewed flourishing in Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and India was halted by the colonial policies of the West.
This article intends to answer this question: Is the Islamic awakening an isolated event separate from the history of transformations in the Islamic world, or can it be said, based on a kind of cultural-historical continuum and an evolutionary approach in analyzing social issues, that the movements of the last two centuries of the Islamic world are not separate and detached from the macro history of the Islamic world, but rather are understandable and analyzable under a great civilization?
To study his theories, see: Islam in Revolution, Contemporary Islamic Movements in the West (Examining the Phenomenon of Islamic Fundamentalism), Haleid Djemgian, translated by Hamid Ahmadi, Keyhan, third edition, Tehran, 1998.
3, University Publication Center, Tehran, 1983; also see: Future-looking The first stage of Islamic history began with the call of the Holy Prophet ٩ from Mecca, and this was the beginning of the movement in the history of Islamic culture and civilization.
21-23, Imam Sadiq University 7, Tehran, 1999; also see: Islam in Revolution: Contemporary Islamic Movements in the Arab World (A Study of the Phenomenon of Fundamentalism), Hrayerd Kamjian, translated by Hamid Ahmadi, pp.
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