چکیده:
The process of formation and then the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria has several factors, the most important of which are social factors. The US occupation of Iraq in 2003 and its aftermath on Iraqi society and government marked the beginning of an important part of the developments leading up to the formation of ISIS. The question of the article is that; From a sociological point of view, how can the formation and rise of the Salafi-Takfiri movement in Iraq, especially ISIS, be explained? To answer this question, the framework presented in Neil Smelser's theory of collective behavior, which consists of a six-variable process, is used. Accordingly, considering the variable "structural pressure", the hypothesis of this article in answer to the main question is that; The ambiguities, deprivations and suspicions formed among the Sunni Arabs following the occupation of Iraq, as the most important example of structural pressure, are among the most serious sociological factors involved in the formation and rise of ISIS. After carefully examining the structural pressure created after the occupation of Iraq on the Sunni Arabs and compiling a composite table of the levels of detail of the collective action of the Sunni Arabs in Iraq before the occupation and the centers of structural pressure of the structural pressure after the occupation, using the document collection method And library sources explain (why) and then analyze the sociological dimensions of the formation and rise of ISIS.
خلاصه ماشینی:
commitment to personal success individual in state organization becoming part of the ruling apparatus, proving a specific tribe, Ba'athist and Iraqi army in Iraq party loyalty 5 specialization of norms allocation of motivation to a section effective technology specialization legitimation of values institutional rival parts in theory rival from society to a part of society .............................
Since, in general, pressure refers to the weakening of relations between the parts of a system and the subsequent negative functioning of the system, it should be considered that structural pressure even affects the Sunnis and parts of the army, especially after the imposed war against Iran and the occupation of Kuwait by Saddam, also Ilm o Tevji Quarterly occurred, but this issue occurred at the concrete and operational levels regarding the mobilization of motivation and situational resources studies in the division of granularity of collective action levels and did not generalize to high value and normative levels.
What is important and considered the basis of structural pressure work in this research, is that following the occupation of Iraq and the fall of Saddam, not only did the previous structural pressure exerted by the B Baathist government on other ethnic groups and tribes fall, but it also itself caused the creation of a new structural pressure up to the level of values on the Sunni population of Iraq, especially those affiliated with and benefiting from the Iraqi Baathist government, which this pressure is considered a basis for moving toward the stage of generalized belief, which is a response to structural pressure.
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